Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units
| AAFC | Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada |
| ACEP | Agricultural Conservation Easement Program |
| ACT-America | Atmospheric Carbon and Transfer–America program |
| AFOLU | agriculture, forestry, and other land use |
| AIM | atmospheric inverse modeling |
| ALOHA | A Long-Term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment |
| ALT | active layer thickness |
| ALU | agriculture and land use |
| ARCTAS | Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites |
| ARPA-E | Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (DOE) |
| ARRA | American Recovery and Reinvestment Act |
| ARS | Agricultural Research Service (USDA) |
| ATom | Atmospheric Tomography Mission |
| BATS | Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study |
| BCS | Beaufort and Chukchi Seas |
| BECCS | bioenergy carbon capture and storage |
| BS | Bering Sea |
| C4MIP | Coupled Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project |
| CAA | Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
| CAA | U.S. Clean Air Act |
| CAFC | Company Average Fuel Consumption |
| CAFE | corporate average fuel economy |
| CAIT | Climate Access Indicators Tool |
| CalNex | California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change |
| CAM | crassulacean acid metabolism |
| CAMS | Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service |
| CanSIS | Canadian Soil Information Service |
| CARAFE | CARbon Atmospheric Flux Experiment |
| CARVE | Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment |
| CCAFS-MOT | Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security–Mitigation Options Tool |
| CCGT | combined-cycle gas turbine |
| CCIWG | Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (USGCRP) |
| CCS | carbon capture and storage |
| CCSC | Central California Current System |
| CCSN | Northern California Current System |
| CCSS | Southern California Current System |
| CDIAC | Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center |
| CDU | carbon dioxide utilization |
| CEC | Commission for Environmental Cooperation |
| CEMAC | Clean Energy Manufacturing Analysis Center |
| CFC | chlorofluorocarbons |
| CFE | community forest enterprise |
| CMIP | Coupled Model Intercomparison Project |
| CONUS | conterminous United States |
| CP | certificate of possession |
| CPP | U.S. Clean Power Plan |
| CRP | Conservation Reserve Program |
| CSKT | Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes |
| CSSR | Climate Science Special Report |
| DIC | dissolved inorganic carbon |
| DISCOVER-AQ | Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality |
| DOC | U.S. Department of Commerce |
| DOC | dissolved organic carbon |
| DOD | U.S. Department of Defense |
| DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
| DOI | U.S. Department of the Interior |
| DOM | dissolved organic matter |
| DOS | U.S. Department of State |
| DOT | U.S. Department of Transportation |
| E10 | 10% blended ethanol |
| E3MC | Energy, Emissions and Economy Model for Canada |
| ECBM | enhanced coal bed methane recovery |
| EDCM | Erosion-Deposition-Carbon-Model |
| EERE | Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOE) |
| EEZ | Exclusive Economic Zone |
| EIA | U.S. Energy Information Administration |
| EISA | Energy Independence and Security Act |
| ENSO | El Niño-Southern Oscillation |
| EOR | enhanced oil recovery |
| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| ESM | Earth System Model |
| ESRL | Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA) |
| EU | European Union |
| ExACT | Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool |
| FACE | Free-Air CO2 Enrichment |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization |
| FFC | fossil fuel consumption |
| FIA | Forest Inventory and Analysis |
| FLFL | forestland remaining forestland |
| FOLU | forestry and other land use |
| FTS | Fourier Transform Spectrometer |
| FVS | Forest Vegetation Simulator |
| GAK | Gulf of Alaska |
| GCP | Global Carbon Project |
| GCRA | Global Change Research Act |
| GDP | gross domestic product |
| GEMS | General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System |
| GeoCARB | Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory |
| GHG | greenhouse gas |
| GIS | geographic information system |
| GMx | Gulf of Mexico |
| GOM | Gulf of Maine |
| GOSAT | Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite |
| GPP | gross primary production |
| GRACEnet | Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network |
| GStL | Gulf of St. Lawrence and Grand Banks |
| GWP | global warming potential |
| HB | Hudson Bay |
| HIAPER | High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research |
| HIPPO | HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations |
| IAGOS | In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System |
| IAM | integrated assessment model |
| IASI | Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer |
| IEA | International Energy Agency |
| ILAMB | International Land Model Benchmarking |
| INFLUX | Indianapolis Flux Experiment |
| INGAA | Interstate Natural Gas Association of America |
| IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| IPCC AR5 | Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC; also WG1, WG2, WG3 – Working Groups 1–3 |
| SGCR | Subcommittee on Global Change Research (National Science and Technology Council, White House) |
| IQA | Information Quality Act |
| ITC | Investment Tax Credit |
| LCOE | levelized cost of energy |
| LECZ | low-elevation coastal zone |
| LEED | Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design |
| LIDAR | light detection and ranging |
| LS | Labrador Shelf |
| LULC | land use and land cover |
| LULUCF | land use, land-use change, and forestry |
| MAB | Mid-Atlantic Bight |
| MCI | Mid-Continent Intensive |
| MIROC | Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate |
| MODIS | Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer |
| MOPITT | Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere |
| NAA | North American Arctic |
| NAAC | North American Atlantic Coast |
| NAAEC | North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation |
| NACP | North American Carbon Program |
| NAO | North Atlantic Oscillation |
| NAPC | North America Pacific Coast |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| NCA | National Climate Assessment |
| NCA3 | Third National Climate Assessment |
| NCA4 | Fourth National Climate Assessment |
| NCAR | National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| NDC | Nationally Determined Contributions |
| NDVI | normalized difference vegetation index |
| NECB | net ecosystem carbon balance |
| NEE | net ecosystem exchange |
| NEMS | National Energy Modeling System |
| NEON | National Ecological Observatory Network |
| NEP | net ecosystem production |
| NGHGI | National Greenhouse Gas Inventory |
| NGO | non-governmental organization |
| NICC | National Indian Carbon Coalition |
| NIFA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA) |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| NPP | net primary production |
| NRCS | Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA) |
| NSA | North Slope of Alaska |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| NWCA | National Wetland Condition Assessment |
| NWI | National Wetlands Inventory |
| OCO-2 | Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 |
| ODIAC | Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development |
| OM | organic matter |
| OMB | Office of Management and Budget (White House) |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| OSTP | Office of Science and Technology Policy (White House) |
| pCO2 | partial pressure of CO2 |
| PIC | particulate inorganic carbon |
| POC | particulate organic carbon |
| POM | particulate organic matter |
| PPP | purchasing power parity |
| PPR | Prairie Pothole Region |
| PTC | production tax credit |
| PUC | public utilities commission |
| PV | photovoltaic |
| RaCA | Rapid Carbon Assessment |
| RCP | Representative Concentration Pathway |
| RD&D | research, development, and demonstration |
| RE | renewable energy |
| RECCAP | Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Progresses |
| REDD+ | Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation |
| RPR (also R/P) | reserve-to-production ratio |
| RUBISCO | ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase |
| SAB | South Atlantic Bight |
| SCB | Southern California Bight |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SE | standard error |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SGCR | Subcommittee on Global Change Research (National Science and Technology Council, White House) |
| SGP | Southern Great Plains |
| SI | International System of Units |
| SIF | solar-induced fluorescence |
| SMR | small mountainous river |
| SOC | standard deviation |
| SOCCR1 | First State of the Carbon Cycle Report |
| SOCCR2 | Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report |
| SOM | soil organic matter |
| SPRUCE | Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments |
| SRES | Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC, 2000) |
| SS | Scotian Shelf |
| SSP | Shared Socioeconomic Pathway |
| SSURGO | Soil Survey Geographic database |
| STATSGO | State Soil Geographic database |
| TBM | terrestrial biosphere model |
| TCCON | Total Carbon Column Observing Network |
| TCU | tribal colleges and universities |
| TOC/td> | total organic carbon |
| TransCom | Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project |
| UCAR | University Corporation for Atmospheric Research |
| UHI | urban heat island |
| UN | United Nations |
| UNFCCC | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
| USAID | U.S. Agency for International Development |
| USDA | U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| USFWS | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
| USGCRP | U.S. Global Change Research Program |
| USGS | U.S. Geological Survey |
| VOC | volatile organic compound |
| WRI | World Resources Institute |
See Full Chapter & References
