TY - JOUR AU - Alden, Caroline AU - Miller, John AU - White, James DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00481.x IS - 5 PY - 2017 SN - 1600-0889 SP - 369-388 ST - Can bottom-up ocean CO2 fluxes be reconciled with atmospheric 13C observations? T2 - Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology TI - Can bottom-up ocean CO2 fluxes be reconciled with atmospheric 13C observations? VL - 62 ID - 70 ER - TY - BOOK AU - AMAP C4 - c6dfe434-07d8-4abc-861e-14484824b178 CY - Oslo, Norway PB - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme PY - 2015 SN - 978-82-7971-091-2 SP - 146 ST - AMAP Assessment 2015: Methane As an Arctic Climate Forcer TI - AMAP Assessment 2015: Methane As an Arctic Climate Forcer ID - 71 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Tyndall Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Centre for Sustainable Development, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden. kevin.anderson@manchester.ac.uk glen.peters@cicero.oslo.no. Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO), Pb. 1129 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. kevin.anderson@manchester.ac.uk glen.peters@cicero.oslo.no. AN - 27738161 AU - Anderson, K. AU - Peters, G. DA - Oct 14 DO - 10.1126/science.aah4567 IS - 6309 PY - 2016 SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 182-183 ST - The Trouble with Negative Emissions T2 - Science TI - The Trouble with Negative Emissions VL - 354 ID - 72 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Archer, David AU - Brovkin, Victor DO - 10.1007/s10584-008-9413-1 IS - 3 PY - 2008 SN - 0165-0009 1573-1480 SP - 283-297 ST - The Millennial Atmospheric Lifetime of Anthropogenic CO2 T2 - Climatic Change TI - The Millennial Atmospheric Lifetime of Anthropogenic CO2 VL - 90 ID - 73 ER - TY - JOUR AB - CO2 released from combustion of fossil fuels equilibrates among the various carbon reservoirs of the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere on timescales of a few centuries. However, a sizeable fraction of the CO2 remains in the atmosphere, awaiting a return to the solid earth by much slower weathering processes and deposition of CaCO3. Common measures of the atmospheric lifetime of CO2, including the e-folding time scale, disregard the long tail. Its neglect in the calculation of global warming potentials leads many to underestimate the longevity of anthropogenic global warming. Here, we review the past literature on the atmospheric lifetime of fossil fuel CO2 and its impact on climate, and we present initial results from a model intercomparison project on this topic. The models agree that 20–35% of the CO2 remains in the atmosphere after equilibration with the ocean (2–20 centuries). Neutralization by CaCO3 draws the airborne fraction down further on timescales of 3 to 7 kyr. AU - Archer, David AU - Eby, Michael AU - Brovkin, Victor AU - Ridgwell, Andy AU - Cao, Long AU - Mikolajewicz, Uwe AU - Caldeira, Ken AU - Matsumoto, Katsumi AU - Munhoven, Guy AU - Montenegro, Alvaro AU - Tokos, Kathy DO - 10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100206 IS - 1 KW - climate,warming,ocean chemistry,carbon cycle PY - 2009 SP - 117-134 ST - Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide T2 - Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences TI - Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide UR - https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100206 VL - 37 ID - 74 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA. maydin@uci.edu AN - 21833087 AU - Aydin, M. AU - Verhulst, K. R. AU - Saltzman, E. S. AU - Battle, M. O. AU - Montzka, S. A. AU - Blake, D. R. AU - Tang, Q. AU - Prather, M. J. DA - Aug 10 DO - 10.1038/nature10352 IS - 7359 KW - Antarctic Regions Atmosphere/*chemistry Biofuels Biomass Ethane/*analysis Fires *Fossil Fuels/history/utilization Geography Greenland History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Ice/analysis Methane/*analysis Models, Theoretical Snow/*chemistry PY - 2011 SN - 1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking) SP - 198-201 ST - Recent decreases in fossil-fuel emissions of ethane and methane derived from firn air T2 - Nature TI - Recent decreases in fossil-fuel emissions of ethane and methane derived from firn air VL - 476 ID - 75 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker, D. F. AU - Law, R. M. AU - Gurney, K. R. AU - Rayner, P. AU - Peylin, P. AU - Denning, A. S. AU - Bousquet, P. AU - Bruhwiler, L. AU - Chen, Y. H. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Fung, I. Y. AU - Heimann, M. AU - John, J. AU - Maki, T. AU - Maksyutov, S. AU - Masarie, K. AU - Prather, M. AU - Pak, B. AU - Taguchi, S. AU - Zhu, Z. DO - 10.1029/2004gb002439 PY - 2006 SN - 08866236 SP - GB1002 ST - TransCom 3 Inversion Intercomparison: Impact of Transport Model Errors On the Interannual Variability of Regional CO2 Fluxes, 1988-2003 T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - TransCom 3 Inversion Intercomparison: Impact of Transport Model Errors On the Interannual Variability of Regional CO2 Fluxes, 1988-2003 VL - 20 ID - 76 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Geology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. apballantyne@gmail.com AN - 22859203 AU - Ballantyne, A. P. AU - Alden, C. B. AU - Miller, J. B. AU - Tans, P. P. AU - White, J. W. DA - Aug 02 DO - 10.1038/nature11299 IS - 7409 KW - Atmosphere/*chemistry Carbon/analysis Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/history *Carbon Sequestration Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Human Activities Models, Theoretical Oceans and Seas Seawater/*chemistry Time Factors Uncertainty PY - 2012 SN - 1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking) SP - 70-2 ST - Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years T2 - Nature TI - Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years VL - 488 ID - 77 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bates, Nicholas R. DO - 10.1029/2006jc003759 IS - C9 PY - 2007 SN - 0148-0227 ST - Interannual variability of the oceanic CO2 sink in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean over the last 2 decades T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Interannual variability of the oceanic CO2 sink in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean over the last 2 decades VL - 112 ID - 78 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1640, USA. battisti@washington.edu AN - 19131626 AU - Battisti, D. S. AU - Naylor, R. L. DA - Jan 09 DO - 10.1126/science.1164363 IS - 5911 KW - Africa South of the Sahara Agriculture/*trends Animals Animals, Domestic *Climate Commerce Crops, Agricultural/economics/*growth & development Droughts Extreme Heat Food/economics *Food Supply/economics Forecasting France Greenhouse Effect *Hot Temperature Humans *Seasons Tropical Climate Ukraine PY - 2009 SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 240-4 ST - Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat T2 - Science TI - Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat VL - 323 ID - 79 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Betts, Richard A. AU - Jones, Chris D. AU - Knight, Jeff R. AU - Keeling, Ralph F. AU - Kennedy, John J. DO - 10.1038/nclimate3063 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 806-810 ST - El Niño and a Record CO2 Rise T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - El Niño and a Record CO2 Rise VL - 6 ID - 80 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Sabine, C. AU - Bala, G. AU - Bopp, L. AU - Brovkin, V. AU - Canadell, J. AU - Chhabra, A. AU - DeFries, R. AU - Galloway, J. AU - Heimann, M. AU - Jones, C. AU - Quéré, C. Le AU - Myneni, R.B. AU - Piao, S. AU - Thornton, P. C4 - d0f90668-03ab-41ea-96a5-fe620b3e28c7 CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 SE - 6 SP - 465-570 ST - Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles ID - 81 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous analyses have found that the most feasible route to a low-carbon energy future is one that adopts a diverse portfolio of technologies. In contrast, Jacobson et al. (2015) consider whether the future primary energy sources for the United States could be narrowed to almost exclusively wind, solar, and hydroelectric power and suggest that this can be done at “low-cost” in a way that supplies all power with a probability of loss of load “that exceeds electric-utility-industry standards for reliability”. We find that their analysis involves errors, inappropriate methods, and implausible assumptions. Their study does not provide credible evidence for rejecting the conclusions of previous analyses that point to the benefits of considering a broad portfolio of energy system options. A policy prescription that overpromises on the benefits of relying on a narrower portfolio of technologies options could be counterproductive, seriously impeding the move to a cost effective decarbonized energy system.A number of analyses, meta-analyses, and assessments, including those performed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and the International Energy Agency, have concluded that deployment of a diverse portfolio of clean energy technologies makes a transition to a low-carbon-emission energy system both more feasible and less costly than other pathways. In contrast, Jacobson et al. [Jacobson MZ, Delucchi MA, Cameron MA, Frew BA (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(49):15060–15065] argue that it is feasible to provide “low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of WWS [wind, water and solar power] across all energy sectors in the continental United States between 2050 and 2055”, with only electricity and hydrogen as energy carriers. In this paper, we evaluate that study and find significant shortcomings in the analysis. In particular, we point out that this work used invalid modeling tools, contained modeling errors, and made implausible and inadequately supported assumptions. Policy makers should treat with caution any visions of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost transition to entire energy systems that relies almost exclusively on wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. AU - Clack, Christopher T. M. AU - Qvist, Staffan A. AU - Apt, Jay AU - Bazilian, Morgan AU - Brandt, Adam R. AU - Caldeira, Ken AU - Davis, Steven J. AU - Diakov, Victor AU - Handschy, Mark A. AU - Hines, Paul D. H. AU - Jaramillo, Paulina AU - Kammen, Daniel M. AU - Long, Jane C. S. AU - Morgan, M. Granger AU - Reed, Adam AU - Sivaram, Varun AU - Sweeney, James AU - Tynan, George R. AU - Victor, David G. AU - Weyant, John P. AU - Whitacre, Jay F. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1610381114 IS - 26 PY - 2017 SP - 6722-6727 ST - Evaluation of a proposal for reliable low-cost grid power with 100% wind, water, and solar T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Evaluation of a proposal for reliable low-cost grid power with 100% wind, water, and solar UR - http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/114/26/6722.full.pdf VL - 114 ID - 82 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dlugokencky, E. J. DO - 10.1029/2003gl018126 IS - 19 PY - 2003 SN - 0094-8276 ST - Atmospheric methane levels off: Temporary pause or a new steady-state? T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Atmospheric methane levels off: Temporary pause or a new steady-state? VL - 30 ID - 83 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dlugokencky, E. J. AU - Masarie, K. A. AU - Lang, P. M. AU - Tans, P. P. DO - 10.1038/30934 IS - 6684 PY - 1998 SN - 00280836 SP - 447-450 ST - Continuing decline in the growth rate of the atmospheric methane burden T2 - Nature TI - Continuing decline in the growth rate of the atmospheric methane burden VL - 393 ID - 84 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ehhalt, D. H. DO - 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01952.x IS - 1-2 PY - 1974 SN - 00402826 21533490 SP - 58-70 ST - The atmospheric cycle of methane T2 - Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography TI - The atmospheric cycle of methane VL - 26 ID - 85 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Etiope, Giuseppe AU - Lassey, Keith R. AU - Klusman, Ronald W. AU - Boschi, Enzo DO - 10.1029/2008gl033623 IS - 9 PY - 2008 SN - 0094-8276 ST - Reappraisal of the Fossil Methane Budget and Related Emission From Geologic Sources T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Reappraisal of the Fossil Methane Budget and Related Emission From Geologic Sources VL - 35 ID - 86 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fiore, Arlene M. AU - Jacob, Daniel J. AU - Field, Brendan D. AU - Streets, David G. AU - Fernandes, Suneeta D. AU - Jang, Carey DO - 10.1029/2002gl015601 IS - 19 PY - 2002 SN - 00948276 SP - 25-1-25-4 ST - Linking Ozone Pollution and Climate Change: The Case For Controlling Methane T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Linking Ozone Pollution and Climate Change: The Case For Controlling Methane VL - 29 ID - 87 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Meinshausen, Malte AU - Arora, Vivek K. AU - Jones, Chris D. AU - Anav, Alessandro AU - Liddicoat, Spencer K. AU - Knutti, Reto DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00579.1 IS - 2 PY - 2014 SN - 0894-8755 1520-0442 SP - 511-526 ST - Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections Due To Carbon Cycle Feedbacks T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections Due To Carbon Cycle Feedbacks VL - 27 ID - 88 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fuss, Sabine AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Tavoni, Massimo AU - Andrew, Robbie M. AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Jones, Chris D. AU - Kraxner, Florian AU - Nakicenovic, Nebosja AU - Le Quéré, Corinne AU - Raupach, Michael R. AU - Sharifi, Ayyoob AU - Smith, Pete AU - Yamagata, Yoshiki DO - 10.1038/nclimate2392 IS - 10 PY - 2014 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 850-853 ST - Betting On Negative Emissions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Betting On Negative Emissions VL - 4 ID - 89 ER - TY - JOUR AD - 1] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), CEA - CNRS - UVSQ, CEA l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. [2] Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Developpement (CIRED), CNRS - Ecole des Ponts ParisTech - EHESS - AgroParisTech - CIRAD, Campus du Jardin Tropical, 45 bis avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France. Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Developpement (CIRED), CNRS - Ecole des Ponts ParisTech - EHESS - AgroParisTech - CIRAD, Campus du Jardin Tropical, 45 bis avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan. Met Office, Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), CEA - CNRS - UVSQ, CEA l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. AN - 26237242 AU - Gasser, T. AU - Guivarch, C. AU - Tachiiri, K. AU - Jones, C. D. AU - Ciais, P. DA - Aug 03 DO - 10.1038/ncomms8958 PY - 2015 SN - 2041-1723 (Electronic) 2041-1723 (Linking) SP - 7958 ST - Negative Emissions Physically Needed to Keep Global Warming Below 2°C T2 - Nature Communications TI - Negative Emissions Physically Needed to Keep Global Warming Below 2°C VL - 6 ID - 90 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gillett, Nathan P. AU - Arora, Vivek K. AU - Matthews, Damon AU - Allen, Myles R. DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00476.1 IS - 18 PY - 2013 SN - 0894-8755 1520-0442 SP - 6844-6858 ST - Constraining the Ratio of Global Warming to Cumulative CO2 Emissions Using CMIP5 Simulations T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Constraining the Ratio of Global Warming to Cumulative CO2 Emissions Using CMIP5 Simulations VL - 26 ID - 91 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Global Carbon Project PY - 2016 ST - Global Carbon Budget 2016 TI - Global Carbon Budget 2016 UR - http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/archive.htm#CB2016 ID - 92 ER - TY - JOUR AD - The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203; bgriscom@tnc.org schlesingerw@caryinstitute.org. Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540. Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545; bgriscom@tnc.org schlesingerw@caryinstitute.org. TerraCarbon LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22903. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, United Kingdom. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Brazil, Brasilia 70000, Brazil. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory & Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC 20002. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia. Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden. Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108. Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8526. Wetlands International, 6700 AL Wageningen, The Netherlands. Gund Institute for the Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. AN - 29078344 AU - Griscom, B. W. AU - Adams, J. AU - Ellis, P. W. AU - Houghton, R. A. AU - Lomax, G. AU - Miteva, D. A. AU - Schlesinger, W. H. AU - Shoch, D. AU - Siikamaki, J. V. AU - Smith, P. AU - Woodbury, P. AU - Zganjar, C. AU - Blackman, A. AU - Campari, J. AU - Conant, R. T. AU - Delgado, C. AU - Elias, P. AU - Gopalakrishna, T. AU - Hamsik, M. R. AU - Herrero, M. AU - Kiesecker, J. AU - Landis, E. AU - Laestadius, L. AU - Leavitt, S. M. AU - Minnemeyer, S. AU - Polasky, S. AU - Potapov, P. AU - Putz, F. E. AU - Sanderman, J. AU - Silvius, M. AU - Wollenberg, E. AU - Fargione, J. DA - Oct 16 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1710465114 IS - 44 KW - agriculture climate mitigation ecosystems forests wetlands PY - 2017 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 11645-11650 ST - Natural climate solutions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Natural climate solutions VL - 114 ID - 93 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America. kevinh@niddk.nih.gov AN - 19946359 AU - Hall, K. D. AU - Guo, J. AU - Dore, M. AU - Chow, C. C. C2 - PMC2775916 DA - Nov 25 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0007940 IS - 11 KW - Agriculture Body Weight Carbon Dioxide/chemistry Climate Conservation of Natural Resources Environment *Food Humans Models, Statistical Models, Theoretical Refuse Disposal/*methods United States Waste Disposal, Fluid Water Pollutants PY - 2009 SN - 1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking) SP - e7940 ST - The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its Environmental Impact T2 - PLOS One TI - The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its Environmental Impact VL - 4 ID - 94 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hansen, J. AU - Ruedy, R. AU - Sato, M. AU - Lo, K. DO - 10.1029/2010rg000345 IS - 4 PY - 2010 SN - 8755-1209 ST - Global Surface Temperature Change T2 - Reviews of Geophysics TI - Global Surface Temperature Change VL - 48 ID - 95 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hansen, James AU - Sato, Makiko AU - Kharecha, Pushker AU - von Schuckmann, Karina AU - Beerling, David J. AU - Cao, Junji AU - Marcott, Shaun AU - Masson-Delmotte, Valerie AU - Prather, Michael J. AU - Rohling, Eelco J. AU - Shakun, Jeremy AU - Smith, Pete AU - Lacis, Andrew AU - Russell, Gary AU - Ruedy, Reto DO - 10.5194/esd-8-577-2017 IS - 3 PY - 2017 SN - 2190-4987 SP - 577-616 ST - Young people's burden: Requirement of negative CO2 emissions T2 - Earth System Dynamics TI - Young people's burden: Requirement of negative CO2 emissions VL - 8 ID - 96 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stocker, T.F. A2 - Qin, D. A2 - Plattner, G.-K. A2 - Tignor, M. A2 - Allen, S.K. A2 - Boschung, J. A2 - Nauels, A. A2 - Xia, Y. A2 - Bex, V. A2 - Midgley, P.M. AU - Hartmann, D.L. AU - Tank, A.M.G. Klein AU - Rusticucci, M. AU - Alexander, L.V. AU - Bronnimann, S. AU - Charabi, Y. AU - Dentener, F.J. AU - Dlugokencky, E.J. AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Kaplan, A. AU - Soden, B.J. AU - Thorne, P.W. AU - Wild, M. AU - Zhai, P.M. C4 - e2fdaade-7aef-4c34-a2cb-78c0716d5a3b CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2013 ST - Observations: Atmosphere and Surface T2 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Observations: Atmosphere and Surface ID - 97 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hofmann, David J. AU - Butler, James H. AU - Conway, Thomas J. AU - Dlugokencky, Edward J. AU - Elkins, James W. AU - Masarie, Kenneth AU - Montzka, Stephen A. AU - Schnell, Russell C. AU - Tans, Pieter DO - 10.1029/2006eo460002 IS - 46 PY - 2006 SN - 0096-3941 SP - 509 ST - Tracking Climate Forcing: The Annual Greenhouse Gas Index T2 - Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union TI - Tracking Climate Forcing: The Annual Greenhouse Gas Index VL - 87 ID - 98 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holmes, C. D. AU - Prather, M. J. AU - Søvde, O. A. AU - Myhre, G. DO - 10.5194/acp-13-285-2013 IS - 1 PY - 2013 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 285-302 ST - Future methane, hydroxyl, and their uncertainties: Key climate and emission parameters for future predictions T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Future methane, hydroxyl, and their uncertainties: Key climate and emission parameters for future predictions VL - 13 ID - 99 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Forest growth provides negative emissions of carbon that could help keep the earth's surface temperature from exceeding 2°C, but the global potential is uncertain. Here we use land‐use information from the FAO and a bookkeeping model to calculate the potential negative emissions that would result from allowing secondary forests to recover. We find the current gross carbon sink in forests recovering from harvests and abandoned agriculture to be −4.4 PgC/year, globally. The sink represents the potential for negative emissions if positive emissions from deforestation and wood harvest were eliminated. However, the sink is largely offset by emissions from wood products built up over the last century. Accounting for these committed emissions, we estimate that stopping deforestation and allowing secondary forests to grow would yield cumulative negative emissions between 2016 and 2100 of about 120 PgC, globally. Extending the lifetimes of wood products could potentially remove another 10 PgC from the atmosphere, for a total of approximately 130 PgC, or about 13 years of fossil fuel use at today's rate. As an upper limit, the estimate is conservative. It is based largely on past and current practices. But if greater negative emissions are to be realized, they will require an expansion of forest area, greater efficiencies in converting harvested wood to long‐lasting products and sources of energy, and novel approaches for sequestering carbon in soils. That is, they will require current management practices to change. AU - Houghton, Richard A. AU - Nassikas, Alexander A. DO - 10.1111/gcb.13876 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SP - 350-359 ST - Negative emissions from stopping deforestation and forest degradation, globally T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Negative emissions from stopping deforestation and forest degradation, globally UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.13876 VL - 24 ID - 100 ER - TY - JOUR AD - School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5694, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011-5694, USA. deborah.huntzinger@nau.edu. Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5694, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011-5694, USA. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, 02540, USA. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL-LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191, Gif sur, Yvette, France. Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orno, ME, USA. Atmospheric and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. 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AU - Folberth, G. A. AU - Josse, B. AU - Lee, Y. H. AU - MacKenzie, I. A. AU - Nagashima, T. AU - van Noije, T. P. C. AU - Plummer, D. A. AU - Righi, M. AU - Rumbold, S. T. AU - Skeie, R. AU - Shindell, D. T. AU - Stevenson, D. S. AU - Strode, S. AU - Sudo, K. AU - Szopa, S. AU - Zeng, G. DO - 10.5194/acp-13-5277-2013 IS - 10 PY - 2013 SN - 1680-7324 SP - 5277-5298 ST - Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics TI - Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) VL - 13 ID - 130 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine C4 - cca3ffce-04f7-4a03-b446-6ad8d2b3d464 CY - Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/24987 KW - Earth Sciences Environment and Environmental Studies L1 - https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24987/improving-characterization-of-anthropogenic-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states LA - English PB - The National Academies Press PY - 2018 SN - 978-0-309-47053-7 SP - 220 ST - Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States TI - Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States UR - https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24987/improving-characterization-of-anthropogenic-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states ID - 131 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nisbet, E. G. AU - Dlugokencky, E. J. AU - Manning, M. R. AU - Lowry, D. AU - Fisher, R. E. AU - France, J. L. AU - Michel, S. E. AU - Miller, J. B. AU - White, J. W. C. AU - Vaughn, B. AU - Bousquet, P. AU - Pyle, J. A. AU - Warwick, N. J. AU - Cain, M. AU - Brownlow, R. AU - Zazzeri, G. AU - Lanoisellé, M. AU - Manning, A. C. AU - Gloor, E. AU - Worthy, D. E. J. AU - Brunke, E. G. AU - Labuschagne, C. AU - Wolff, E. W. AU - Ganesan, A. L. DO - 10.1002/2016gb005406 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 08866236 SP - 1356-1370 ST - Rising Atmospheric Methane: 2007-2014 Growth and Isotopic Shift T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Rising Atmospheric Methane: 2007-2014 Growth and Isotopic Shift VL - 30 ID - 132 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA-ESRL GMD PB - Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) PY - 2017 ST - The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) TI - The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) UR - https://esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/aggi.html ID - 133 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA-ESRL-GMD Trends PB - Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Division PY - 2017 ST - Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide TI - Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide UR - https://esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/global.html ID - 134 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Olivier, Jos G.J. AU - Janssens-Maenhout, Greet AU - Muntean, Marilena AU - Peters, Jeroen A.H.W. PB - The Hague: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Ispra: European Commission, Joint Research Centre PY - 2016 SN - Report Number 2315 SP - 86 ST - Trends in global CO2 emissions: 2016 Report. Report Number 2315 TI - Trends in global CO2 emissions: 2016 Report. Report Number 2315 UR - http://www.pbl.nl/en/trends-in-global-co2-emissions ID - 135 ER - TY - JOUR AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA. ypan@fs.fed.us AN - 21764754 AU - Pan, Y. AU - Birdsey, R. A. AU - Fang, J. AU - Houghton, R. AU - Kauppi, P. E. AU - Kurz, W. A. AU - Phillips, O. L. AU - Shvidenko, A. AU - Lewis, S. L. AU - Canadell, J. G. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Jackson, R. B. AU - Pacala, S. W. AU - McGuire, A. D. AU - Piao, S. AU - Rautiainen, A. AU - Sitch, S. AU - Hayes, D. DA - Aug 19 DO - 10.1126/science.1201609 IS - 6045 KW - Atmosphere Biomass Carbon/analysis Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Carbon Sequestration Climate Change Conservation of Natural Resources *Ecosystem *Trees Tropical Climate PY - 2011 SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 988-93 ST - A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests T2 - Science TI - A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests VL - 333 ID - 136 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peischl, J. AU - Ryerson, T. B. AU - Aikin, K. C. AU - de Gouw, J. A. AU - Gilman, J. B. AU - Holloway, J. S. AU - Lerner, B. M. AU - Nadkarni, R. AU - Neuman, J. A. AU - Nowak, J. B. AU - Trainer, M. AU - Warneke, C. AU - Parrish, D. D. DO - 10.1002/2014jd022697 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 2169897X SP - 2119-2139 ST - Quantifying Atmospheric Methane Emissions From the Haynesville, Fayetteville, and Northeastern Marcellus Shale Gas Production Regions T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - Quantifying Atmospheric Methane Emissions From the Haynesville, Fayetteville, and Northeastern Marcellus Shale Gas Production Regions VL - 120 ID - 137 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Andrew, Robbie M. AU - Solomon, Susan AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre IS - 10 PY - 2015 SN - 1748-9326 SP - 105004 ST - Measuring a fair and ambitious climate agreement using cumulative emissions T2 - Environmental Research Letters TI - Measuring a fair and ambitious climate agreement using cumulative emissions UR - http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/10/i=10/a=105004 VL - 10 ID - 138 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petit, J. R. AU - Jouzel, J. AU - Raynaud, D. AU - Barkov, N. I. AU - Barnola, J. M. AU - Basile, I. AU - Bender, M. AU - Chappellaz, J. AU - Davis, M. AU - Delaygue, G. AU - Delmotte, M. AU - Kotlyakov, V. M. AU - Legrand, M. AU - Lipenkov, V. Y. AU - Lorius, C. AU - Pépin, L. AU - Ritz, C. AU - Saltzman, E. AU - Stievenard, M. DA - 06/03/online DO - 10.1038/20859 M3 - Article PY - 1999 SP - 429 ST - Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica T2 - Nature TI - Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/20859#supplementary-information VL - 399 ID - 139 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pétron, Gabrielle AU - Karion, Anna AU - Sweeney, Colm AU - Miller, Benjamin R. AU - Montzka, Stephen A. AU - Frost, Gregory J. AU - Trainer, Michael AU - Tans, Pieter AU - Andrews, Arlyn AU - Kofler, Jonathan AU - Helmig, Detlev AU - Guenther, Douglas AU - Dlugokencky, Ed AU - Lang, Patricia AU - Newberger, Tim AU - Wolter, Sonja AU - Hall, Bradley AU - Novelli, Paul AU - Brewer, Alan AU - Conley, Stephen AU - Hardesty, Mike AU - Banta, Robert AU - White, Allen AU - Noone, David AU - Wolfe, Dan AU - Schnell, Russ DO - 10.1002/2013jd021272 IS - 11 PY - 2014 SN - 2169897X SP - 6836-6852 ST - A New Look At Methane and Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Emissions From Oil and Natural Gas Operations in the Colorado Denver-Julesburg Basin T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres TI - A New Look At Methane and Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Emissions From Oil and Natural Gas Operations in the Colorado Denver-Julesburg Basin VL - 119 ID - 140 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raftery, Adrian E. AU - Zimmer, Alec AU - Frierson, Dargan M. W. AU - Startz, Richard AU - Liu, Peiran DO - 10.1038/nclimate3352 IS - 9 PY - 2017 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 637-641 ST - Less than 2°C warming by 2100 unlikely T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Less than 2°C warming by 2100 unlikely VL - 7 ID - 141 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Improved constraints on carbon cycle responses to climate change are needed to inform mitigation policy, yet our understanding of how these responses may evolve after 2100 remains highly uncertain. Using the Community Earth System Model (v1.0), we quantified climate‐carbon feedbacks from 1850 to 2300 for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 and its extension. In three simulations, land and ocean biogeochemical processes experienced the same trajectory of increasing atmospheric CO2. Each simulation had a different degree of radiative coupling for CO2 and other greenhouse gases and aerosols, enabling diagnosis of feedbacks. In a fully coupled simulation, global mean surface air temperature increased by 9.3 K from 1850 to 2300, with 4.4 K of this warming occurring after 2100. Excluding CO2, warming from other greenhouse gases and aerosols was 1.6 K by 2300, near a 2 K target needed to avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Ocean contributions to the climate‐carbon feedback increased considerably over time and exceeded contributions from land after 2100. The sensitivity of ocean carbon to climate change was found to be proportional to changes in ocean heat content, as a consequence of this heat modifying transport pathways for anthropogenic CO2 inflow and solubility of dissolved inorganic carbon. By 2300, climate change reduced cumulative ocean uptake by 330 Pg C, from 1410 Pg C to 1080 Pg C. Land fluxes similarly diverged over time, with climate change reducing stocks by 232 Pg C. Regional influence of climate change on carbon stocks was largest in the North Atlantic Ocean and tropical forests of South America. Our analysis suggests that after 2100, oceans may become as important as terrestrial ecosystems in regulating the magnitude of the climate‐carbon feedback. AU - Randerson, J. T. AU - Lindsay, K. AU - Munoz, E. AU - Fu, W. AU - Moore, J. K. AU - Hoffman, F. M. AU - Mahowald, N. M. AU - Doney, S. C. DO - 10.1002/2014GB005079 IS - 6 PY - 2015 SP - 744-759 ST - Multicentury changes in ocean and land contributions to the climate‐carbon feedback T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Multicentury changes in ocean and land contributions to the climate‐carbon feedback UR - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2014GB005079 VL - 29 ID - 142 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207; arice@pdx.edu. Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207; Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239. AN - 27621453 AU - Rice, A. L. AU - Butenhoff, C. L. AU - Teama, D. G. AU - Roger, F. H. AU - Khalil, M. A. AU - Rasmussen, R. A. C2 - PMC5047214 DA - Sep 27 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1522923113 IS - 39 KW - Bayesian inversion atmospheric methane greenhouse gas emissions methane isotopic composition methane trends PY - 2016 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 10791-6 ST - Atmospheric methane isotopic record favors fossil sources flat in 1980s and 1990s with recent increase T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Atmospheric methane isotopic record favors fossil sources flat in 1980s and 1990s with recent increase VL - 113 ID - 143 ER - TY - JOUR AD - School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom; matt.rigby@bristol.ac.uk. Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305. Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, United Kingdom. Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, United Kingdom. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093. Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC 3195, Australia. Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea. AN - 28416657 AU - Rigby, M. AU - Montzka, S. A. AU - Prinn, R. G. AU - White, J. W. C. AU - Young, D. AU - O'Doherty, S. AU - Lunt, M. F. AU - Ganesan, A. L. AU - Manning, A. J. AU - Simmonds, P. G. AU - Salameh, P. K. AU - Harth, C. M. AU - Muhle, J. AU - Weiss, R. F. AU - Fraser, P. J. AU - Steele, L. P. AU - Krummel, P. B. AU - McCulloch, A. AU - Park, S. C2 - PMC5448198 DA - May 23 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1616426114 IS - 21 KW - 1,1,1-trichloroethane hydroxyl inversion methane methyl chloroform PY - 2017 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 5373-5377 ST - Role of atmospheric oxidation in recent methane growth T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Role of atmospheric oxidation in recent methane growth VL - 114 ID - 144 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rigby, M. AU - Prinn, R. G. AU - Fraser, P. J. AU - Simmonds, P. G. AU - Langenfelds, R. L. AU - Huang, J. AU - Cunnold, D. M. AU - Steele, L. P. AU - Krummel, P. B. AU - Weiss, R. F. AU - O'Doherty, S. AU - Salameh, P. K. AU - Wang, H. J. AU - Harth, C. M. AU - Mühle, J. AU - Porter, L. W. DO - 10.1029/2008gl036037 IS - 22 PY - 2008 SN - 0094-8276 ST - Renewed Growth of Atmospheric Methane T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Renewed Growth of Atmospheric Methane VL - 35 ID - 145 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anthropogenic global warming is driven by emissions of a wide variety of radiative forcers ranging from very short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), like black carbon, to very long-lived, like CO2. These species are often released from common sources and are therefore intricately linked. However, for reasons of simplification, this CO2-SLCF linkage was often disregarded in long-term projections of earlier studies. Here we explicitly account for CO2-SLCF linkages and show that the short- and long-term climate effects of many SLCF measures consistently become smaller in scenarios that keep warming to below 2 degrees C relative to preindustrial levels. Although long-term mitigation of methane and hydrofluorocarbons are integral parts of 2 degrees C scenarios, early action on these species mainly influences near-term temperatures and brings small benefits for limiting maximum warming relative to comparable reductions taking place later. Furthermore, we find that maximum 21st-century warming in 2 degrees C-consistent scenarios is largely unaffected by additional black-carbon-related measures because key emission sources are already phased-out through CO2 mitigation. Our study demonstrates the importance of coherently considering CO2-SLCF coevolutions. Failing to do so leads to strongly and consistently overestimating the effect of SLCF measures in climate stabilization scenarios. Our results reinforce that SLCF measures are to be considered complementary rather than a substitute for early and stringent CO2 mitigation. Near-term SLCF measures do not allow for more time for CO2 mitigation. We disentangle and resolve the distinct benefits across different species and therewith facilitate an integrated strategy for mitigating both short and long-term climate change. AD - Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Energy Program and Mitigation of Air Pollution & Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria; john@pik-potsdam.de rogelj@iiasa.ac.at. Climate Analytics gGmbH, 10969 Berlin, Germany; Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Climate Analytics gGmbH, 10969 Berlin, Germany; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany; Energy Program and Mitigation of Air Pollution & Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; and. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 john@pik-potsdam.de rogelj@iiasa.ac.at. AN - 25368182 AU - Rogelj, J. AU - Schaeffer, M. AU - Meinshausen, M. AU - Shindell, D. T. AU - Hare, W. AU - Klimont, Z. AU - Velders, G. J. AU - Amann, M. AU - Schellnhuber, H. J. C2 - PMC4246330 DA - Nov 18 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1415631111 IS - 46 KW - air pollution black carbon carbon dioxide climate change mitigation short-lived climate forcers N1 - Rogelj, Joeri Schaeffer, Michiel Meinshausen, Malte Shindell, Drew T Hare, William Klimont, Zbigniew Velders, Guus J M Amann, Markus Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim eng 2014/11/05 06:00 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Nov 18;111(46):16325-30. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1415631111. Epub 2014 Nov 3. PY - 2014 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 16325-30 ST - Disentangling the effects of CO2 and short-lived climate forcer mitigation T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Disentangling the effects of CO2 and short-lived climate forcer mitigation VL - 111 ID - 146 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saunois, Marielle AU - Bousquet, Philippe AU - Poulter, Ben AU - Peregon, Anna AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - Dlugokencky, Edward J. AU - Etiope, Giuseppe AU - Bastviken, David AU - Houweling, Sander AU - Janssens-Maenhout, Greet AU - Tubiello, Francesco N. AU - Castaldi, Simona AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Alexe, Mihai AU - Arora, Vivek K. AU - Beerling, David J. AU - Bergamaschi, Peter AU - Blake, Donald R. AU - Brailsford, Gordon AU - Brovkin, Victor AU - Bruhwiler, Lori AU - Crevoisier, Cyril AU - Crill, Patrick AU - Covey, Kristofer AU - Curry, Charles AU - Frankenberg, Christian AU - Gedney, Nicola AU - Höglund-Isaksson, Lena AU - Ishizawa, Misa AU - Ito, Akihiko AU - Joos, Fortunat AU - Kim, Heon-Sook AU - Kleinen, Thomas AU - Krummel, Paul AU - Lamarque, Jean-François AU - Langenfelds, Ray AU - Locatelli, Robin AU - Machida, Toshinobu AU - Maksyutov, Shamil AU - McDonald, Kyle C. AU - Marshall, Julia AU - Melton, Joe R. AU - Morino, Isamu AU - Naik, Vaishali AU - Doherty, Simon AU - Parmentier, Frans-Jan W. AU - Patra, Prabir K. AU - Peng, Changhui AU - Peng, Shushi AU - Peters, Glen P. AU - Pison, Isabelle AU - Prigent, Catherine AU - Prinn, Ronald AU - Ramonet, Michel AU - Riley, William J. AU - Saito, Makoto AU - Santini, Monia AU - Schroeder, Ronny AU - Simpson, Isobel J. AU - Spahni, Renato AU - Steele, Paul AU - Takizawa, Atsushi AU - Thornton, Brett F. AU - Tian, Hanqin AU - Tohjima, Yasunori AU - Viovy, Nicolas AU - Voulgarakis, Apostolos AU - van Weele, Michiel AU - van der Werf, Guido R. AU - Weiss, Ray AU - Wiedinmyer, Christine AU - Wilton, David J. AU - Wiltshire, Andy AU - Worthy, Doug AU - Wunch, Debra AU - Xu, Xiyan AU - Yoshida, Yukio AU - Zhang, Bowen AU - Zhang, Zhen AU - Zhu, Qiuan DO - 10.5194/essd-8-697-2016 IS - 2 PY - 2016 SN - 1866-3516 SP - 697-751 ST - The global methane budget 2000–2012 T2 - Earth System Science Data TI - The global methane budget 2000–2012 VL - 8 ID - 147 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Climate and Atmosphere Center, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. hinrich.schaefer@niwa.co.nz. Climate and Atmosphere Center, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. Institut fur Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Global Monitoring Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. AN - 26966190 AU - Schaefer, H. AU - Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E. AU - Veidt, C. AU - Lassey, K. R. AU - Brailsford, G. W. AU - Bromley, T. M. AU - Dlugokencky, E. J. AU - Michel, S. E. AU - Miller, J. B. AU - Levin, I. AU - Lowe, D. C. AU - Martin, R. J. AU - Vaughn, B. H. AU - White, J. W. DA - Apr 01 DO - 10.1126/science.aad2705 IS - 6281 PY - 2016 SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 80-4 ST - A 21st-century shift from fossil-fuel to biogenic methane emissions indicated by 13CH4 T2 - Science TI - A 21st-century shift from fossil-fuel to biogenic methane emissions indicated by 13CH4 VL - 352 ID - 148 ER - TY - JOUR AN - WOS:000288516400002 AU - Schaefer, Kevin AU - Zhang, Tingjun AU - Bruhwiler, Lori AU - Barrett, Andrew P. DA - Apr DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00527.x IS - 2 PY - 2011 SN - 0280-6509 SP - 165-180 ST - Amount and timing of permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming T2 - Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology TI - Amount and timing of permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming VL - 63 ID - 149 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scharlemann, Jörn P. W. AU - Tanner, Edmund V. J. AU - Hiederer, Roland AU - Kapos, Valerie DO - 10.4155/cmt.13.77 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 1758-3004 1758-3012 SP - 81-91 ST - Global soil carbon: Understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool T2 - Carbon Management TI - Global soil carbon: Understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool VL - 5 ID - 150 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Feedbacks from terrestrial ecosystems to atmospheric CO2 concentrations contribute the second-largest uncertainty to projections of future climate. These feedbacks, acting over huge regions and long periods of time, are extraordinarily difficult to observe and quantify directly. We evaluated in situ, atmospheric, and simulation estimates of the effect of CO2 on carbon storage, subject to mass balance constraints. Multiple lines of evidence suggest significant tropical uptake for CO2, approximately balancing net deforestation and confirming a substantial negative global feedback to atmospheric CO2 and climate. This reconciles two approaches that have previously produced contradictory results. We provide a consistent explanation of the impacts of CO2 on terrestrial carbon across the 12 orders of magnitude between plant stomata and the global carbon cycle.Feedbacks from the terrestrial carbon cycle significantly affect future climate change. The CO2 concentration dependence of global terrestrial carbon storage is one of the largest and most uncertain feedbacks. Theory predicts the CO2 effect should have a tropical maximum, but a large terrestrial sink has been contradicted by analyses of atmospheric CO2 that do not show large tropical uptake. Our results, however, show significant tropical uptake and, combining tropical and extratropical fluxes, suggest that up to 60% of the present-day terrestrial sink is caused by increasing atmospheric CO2. This conclusion is consistent with a validated subset of atmospheric analyses, but uncertainty remains. Improved model diagnostics and new space-based observations can reduce the uncertainty of tropical and temperate zone carbon flux estimates. This analysis supports a significant feedback to future atmospheric CO2 concentrations from carbon uptake in terrestrial ecosystems caused by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This feedback will have substantial tropical contributions, but the magnitude of future carbon uptake by tropical forests also depends on how they respond to climate change and requires their protection from deforestation. AU - Schimel, David AU - Stephens, Britton B. AU - Fisher, Joshua B. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1407302112 IS - 2 PY - 2015 SP - 436-441 ST - Effect of increasing CO2 on the terrestrial carbon cycle T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Effect of increasing CO2 on the terrestrial carbon cycle UR - http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/2/436.full.pdf VL - 112 ID - 151 ER - TY - JOUR AD - 1] Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. US Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA. Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA. 1] Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada [2] Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada. 1] Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA [2] Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast 625000, Russia. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands. AN - 25855454 AU - Schuur, E. A. AU - McGuire, A. D. AU - Schadel, C. AU - Grosse, G. AU - Harden, J. W. AU - Hayes, D. J. AU - Hugelius, G. AU - Koven, C. D. AU - Kuhry, P. AU - Lawrence, D. M. AU - Natali, S. M. AU - Olefeldt, D. AU - Romanovsky, V. E. AU - Schaefer, K. AU - Turetsky, M. R. AU - Treat, C. C. AU - Vonk, J. E. DA - Apr 09 DO - 10.1038/nature14338 IS - 7546 KW - Arctic Regions *Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Climate Change Feedback Freezing Methane/analysis Permafrost/*chemistry Seawater/chemistry Uncertainty PY - 2015 SN - 1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking) SP - 171-9 ST - Climate Change and the Permafrost Carbon Feedback T2 - Nature TI - Climate Change and the Permafrost Carbon Feedback VL - 520 ID - 152 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma 2, Italy. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. AN - 27708291 AU - Schwietzke, S. AU - Sherwood, O. A. AU - Bruhwiler, L. M. AU - Miller, J. B. AU - Etiope, G. AU - Dlugokencky, E. J. AU - Michel, S. E. AU - Arling, V. A. AU - Vaughn, B. H. AU - White, J. W. AU - Tans, P. P. DA - Oct 06 DO - 10.1038/nature19797 IS - 7623 KW - Atmosphere/*chemistry Carbon Isotopes/analysis Coal *Databases, Factual *Fossil Fuels Methane/*analysis Monte Carlo Method Natural Gas Petroleum PY - 2016 SN - 1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking) SP - 88-91 ST - Upward Revision of Global Fossil Fuel Methane Emissions Based On Isotope Database T2 - Nature TI - Upward Revision of Global Fossil Fuel Methane Emissions Based On Isotope Database VL - 538 ID - 153 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to both degraded air quality and global warming. We considered ~400 emission control measures to reduce these pollutants by using current technology and experience. We identified 14 measures targeting methane and BC emissions that reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C by 2050. This strategy avoids 0.7 to 4.7 million annual premature deaths from outdoor air pollution and increases annual crop yields by 30 to 135 million metric tons due to ozone reductions in 2030 and beyond. Benefits of methane emissions reductions are valued at $700 to $5000 per metric ton, which is well above typical marginal abatement costs (less than $250). The selected controls target different sources and influence climate on shorter time scales than those of carbon dioxide–reduction measures. Implementing both substantially reduces the risks of crossing the 2°C threshold. AU - Shindell, Drew AU - Kuylenstierna, Johan C. I. AU - Vignati, Elisabetta AU - van Dingenen, Rita AU - Amann, Markus AU - Klimont, Zbigniew AU - Anenberg, Susan C. AU - Muller, Nicholas AU - Janssens-Maenhout, Greet AU - Raes, Frank AU - Schwartz, Joel AU - Faluvegi, Greg AU - Pozzoli, Luca AU - Kupiainen, Kaarle AU - Höglund-Isaksson, Lena AU - Emberson, Lisa AU - Streets, David AU - Ramanathan, V. AU - Hicks, Kevin AU - Oanh, N. T. Kim AU - Milly, George AU - Williams, Martin AU - Demkine, Volodymyr AU - Fowler, David DO - 10.1126/science.1210026 IS - 6065 PY - 2012 SP - 183-189 ST - Simultaneously Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change and Improving Human Health and Food Security T2 - Science TI - Simultaneously Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change and Improving Human Health and Food Security UR - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/335/6065/183.full.pdf VL - 335 ID - 154 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA. isimpson@uci.edu AN - 22914166 AU - Simpson, I. J. AU - Sulbaek Andersen, M. P. AU - Meinardi, S. AU - Bruhwiler, L. AU - Blake, N. J. AU - Helmig, D. AU - Rowland, F. S. AU - Blake, D. R. DA - Aug 23 DO - 10.1038/nature11342 IS - 7412 KW - Atmosphere/*chemistry Biofuels/utilization Biomass Ethane/*analysis/*chemistry/history Greenhouse Effect History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Methane/*analysis/*chemistry/history Natural Gas/utilization Oil and Gas Fields Ozone/chemistry Wetlands PY - 2012 SN - 1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking) SP - 490-4 ST - Long-term decline of global atmospheric ethane concentrations and implications for methane T2 - Nature TI - Long-term decline of global atmospheric ethane concentrations and implications for methane VL - 488 ID - 155 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Pete AU - Davis, Steven J. AU - Creutzig, Felix AU - Fuss, Sabine AU - Minx, Jan AU - Gabrielle, Benoit AU - Kato, Etsushi AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Cowie, Annette AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Milne, Jennifer AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - McCollum, David AU - Peters, Glen AU - Andrew, Robbie AU - Krey, Volker AU - Shrestha, Gyami AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Gasser, Thomas AU - Grübler, Arnulf AU - Heidug, Wolfgang K. AU - Jonas, Matthias AU - Jones, Chris D. AU - Kraxner, Florian AU - Littleton, Emma AU - Lowe, Jason AU - Moreira, José Roberto AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Obersteiner, Michael AU - Patwardhan, Anand AU - Rogner, Mathis AU - Rubin, Ed AU - Sharifi, Ayyoob AU - Torvanger, Asbjørn AU - Yamagata, Yoshiki AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - Yongsung, Cho DO - 10.1038/nclimate2870 IS - 1 PY - 2015 SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 SP - 42-50 ST - Biophysical and Economic Limits to Negative CO2 Emissions T2 - Nature Climate Change TI - Biophysical and Economic Limits to Negative CO2 Emissions VL - 6 ID - 156 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. susan.solomon@noaa.gov AN - 19179281 AU - Solomon, S. AU - Plattner, G. K. AU - Knutti, R. AU - Friedlingstein, P. C2 - PMC2632717 DA - Feb 10 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0812721106 IS - 6 KW - *Air Pollution *Carbon Dioxide *Climate Environment Forecasting Greenhouse Effect Oceans and Seas PY - 2009 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 1704-9 ST - Irreversible Climate Change Due to Carbon Dioxide Emissions T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Irreversible Climate Change Due to Carbon Dioxide Emissions VL - 106 ID - 157 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tans, Pieter DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2009.94 IS - 4 PY - 2009 SN - 10428275 SP - 26-35 ST - An Accounting of the Observed Increase in Oceanic and Atmospheric CO2 and the Outlook For the Future T2 - Oceanography TI - An Accounting of the Observed Increase in Oceanic and Atmospheric CO2 and the Outlook For the Future VL - 22 ID - 158 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Res, Global Carbon Project, GPO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA Montana State Univ, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA AN - WOS:000371665100039 AU - Tian, H. Q. AU - Lu, C. Q. AU - Ciais, P. AU - Michalak, A. M. AU - Canadell, J. G. AU - Saikawa, E. AU - Huntzinger, D. N. AU - Gurney, K. R. AU - Sitch, S. AU - Zhang, B. W. AU - Yang, J. AU - Bousquet, P. AU - Bruhwiler, L. AU - Chen, G. S. AU - Dlugokencky, E. AU - Friedlingstein, P. AU - Melillo, J. AU - Pan, S. F. AU - Poulter, B. AU - Prinn, R. AU - Saunois, M. AU - Schwalm, C. R. AU - Wofsy, S. C. DA - Mar 10 DO - 10.1038/nature16946 IS - 7593 J2 - Nature KW - carbon-nitrogen interactions land-use environmental-changes climate extremes oxide emissions methane budget CO2 model ecosystems LA - English PY - 2016 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 225-228 ST - The Terrestrial Biosphere as a Net Source of Greenhouse Gases to the Atmosphere T2 - Nature TI - The Terrestrial Biosphere as a Net Source of Greenhouse Gases to the Atmosphere VL - 531 ID - 159 ER - TY - JOUR AD - School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; aturner@fas.harvard.edu cfranken@caltech.edu. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; aturner@fas.harvard.edu cfranken@caltech.edu. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 21109. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138. AN - 28416668 AU - Turner, A. J. AU - Frankenberg, C. AU - Wennberg, P. O. AU - Jacob, D. J. C2 - PMC5448216 DA - May 23 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1616020114 IS - 21 KW - hydroxyl methane oxidative capacity renewed growth troposphere PY - 2017 SN - 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking) SP - 5367-5372 ST - Ambiguity in the causes for decadal trends in atmospheric methane and hydroxyl T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA TI - Ambiguity in the causes for decadal trends in atmospheric methane and hydroxyl VL - 114 ID - 160 ER - TY - WEB AU - UNFCCC CY - Bonn PB - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat PY - 2013 ST - Time Series - Annex I TI - Time Series - Annex I UR - http://unfccc.int/ghg_data/ghg_data_unfccc/time_series_annex_i/items/3814.php ID - 161 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Wuebbles, D.J. A2 - Fahey, D.W. A2 - Hibbard, K.A. A2 - Dokken, D.J. A2 - Stewart, B.C. A2 - Maycock, T.K. AU - USGCRP CY - Washington, DC, USA PB - U.S. Global Change Research Program PY - 2017 SP - 666 ST - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I TI - Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I UR - https://science2017.globalchange.gov ID - 162 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wanninkhof, R. AU - Park, G. H. AU - Takahashi, T. AU - Sweeney, C. AU - Feely, R. AU - Nojiri, Y. AU - Gruber, N. AU - Doney, S. C. AU - McKinley, G. A. AU - Lenton, A. AU - Le Quéré, C. AU - Heinze, C. AU - Schwinger, J. AU - Graven, H. AU - Khatiwala, S. DO - 10.5194/bg-10-1983-2013 IS - 3 PY - 2013 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 1983-2000 ST - Global Ocean Carbon Uptake: Magnitude, Variability and Trends T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Global Ocean Carbon Uptake: Magnitude, Variability and Trends VL - 10 ID - 163 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several viable but conflicting explanations have been proposed to explain the recent ~8 p.p.b. per year increase in atmospheric methane after 2006, equivalent to net emissions increase of ~25 Tg CH4 per year. A concurrent increase in atmospheric ethane implicates a fossil source; a concurrent decrease in the heavy isotope content of methane points toward a biogenic source, while other studies propose a decrease in the chemical sink (OH). Here we show that biomass burning emissions of methane decreased by 3.7 (+/-1.4) Tg CH4 per year from the 2001-2007 to the 2008-2014 time periods using satellite measurements of CO and CH4, nearly twice the decrease expected from prior estimates. After updating both the total and isotopic budgets for atmospheric methane with these revised biomass burning emissions (and assuming no change to the chemical sink), we find that fossil fuels contribute between 12-19 Tg CH4 per year to the recent atmospheric methane increase, thus reconciling the isotopic- and ethane-based results. AD - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute for Technology, Pasadena, 91109, CA, USA. john.r.worden@jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute for Technology, Pasadena, 91109, CA, USA. Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 80301, CO, USA. Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. AN - 29263323 AU - Worden, J. R. AU - Bloom, A. A. AU - Pandey, S. AU - Jiang, Z. AU - Worden, H. M. AU - Walker, T. W. AU - Houweling, S. AU - Rockmann, T. C2 - PMC5738352 DA - Dec 20 DO - 10.1038/s41467-017-02246-0 IS - 1 N1 - Worden, John R Bloom, A Anthony Pandey, Sudhanshu Jiang, Zhe Worden, Helen M Walker, Thomas W Houweling, Sander Rockmann, Thomas eng England 2017/12/22 06:00 Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 20;8(1):2227. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02246-0. PY - 2017 SN - 2041-1723 (Electronic) 2041-1723 (Linking) SP - 2227 ST - Reduced biomass burning emissions reconcile conflicting estimates of the post-2006 atmospheric methane budget T2 - Nature Communications TI - Reduced biomass burning emissions reconcile conflicting estimates of the post-2006 atmospheric methane budget VL - 8 ID - 164 ER - TY - WEB AU - World Resources Institute CY - Washington, DC PB - World Resources Institute PY - 2017 ST - CAIT Climate Data Explorer TI - CAIT Climate Data Explorer UR - http://cait.wri.org/ ID - 165 ER - TY - WEB AU - World Resources Institute AU - Ge, Mengpin AU - Friedrich, Johannes AU - Damassa, Thomas DA - November 25, 2014 PY - 2014 ST - 6 Graphs Explain the World’s Top 10 Emitters TI - 6 Graphs Explain the World’s Top 10 Emitters UR - https://wri.org/blog/2014/11/6-graphs-explain-world%E2%80%99s-top-10-emitters ID - 166 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate and the atmospheric concentration of CO2 are closely linked. Brigham-Grette et al. (p. 1421, published online 9 May) present data from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast Arctic Russia, that shows how climate varied between 3.6 and 2.2 million years ago, an important interval in the global cooling trend that accelerated rapidly at the end of the Miocene. Summer temperatures were about 10°C warmer than today, even though the concentration of atmospheric CO2 was similar. Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El’gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ~8°C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO2 was ~400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ~2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene. AU - Brigham-Grette, Julie AU - Melles, Martin AU - Minyuk, Pavel AU - Andreev, Andrei AU - Tarasov, Pavel AU - DeConto, Robert AU - Koenig, Sebastian AU - Nowaczyk, Norbert AU - Wennrich, Volker AU - Rosén, Peter AU - Haltia, Eeva AU - Cook, Tim AU - Gebhardt, Catalina AU - Meyer-Jacob, Carsten AU - Snyder, Jeff AU - Herzschuh, Ulrike DO - 10.1126/science.1233137 IS - 6139 PY - 2013 SP - 1421 ST - Pliocene Warmth, Polar Amplification, and Stepped Pleistocene Cooling Recorded in NE Arctic Russia T2 - Science TI - Pliocene Warmth, Polar Amplification, and Stepped Pleistocene Cooling Recorded in NE Arctic Russia UR - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/340/6139/1421.abstract VL - 340 ID - 167 ER - TY - WEB AU - NOAA-ESRL-GMD Trends PB - Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Division PY - 2018 ST - Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide TI - Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide UR - https://esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ ID - 168 ER - TY - WEB AU - IEA PB - International Energy Agency PY - 2017 ST - Global Energy & CO2 Status Report TI - Global Energy & CO2 Status Report UR - https://www.iea.org/geco/ ID - 169 ER - TY - WEB AU - IEA PB - International Energy Agency PY - 2018 ST - Global Energy & CO2 Status Report TI - Global Energy & CO2 Status Report UR - https://www.iea.org/geco/ ID - 170 ER - TY - WEB AU - Dlugokencky, E. PB - Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Division PY - 2018 ST - Trends in Atmospheric Methane TI - Trends in Atmospheric Methane UR - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends_ch4/ ID - 171 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dlugokencky, E. J. AU - Bruhwiler, L. AU - White, J. W. C. AU - Emmons, L. K. AU - Novelli, P. C. AU - Montzka, S. A. AU - Masarie, K. A. AU - Lang, P. M. AU - Crotwell, A. M. AU - Miller, J. B. AU - Gatti, L. V. DO - 10.1029/2009gl039780 IS - 18 PY - 2009 SN - 0094-8276 ST - Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH4 burden T2 - Geophysical Research Letters TI - Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH4 burden VL - 36 ID - 172 ER -