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Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia. University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, Laramie, WY, USA. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, PBM #1, Aspendale, Victoria, 3195, Australia. Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany. Now at: Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801-3070, USA. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany. 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DA - Jun DO - 10.1111/gcb.12832 IS - 6 KW - Andropogon Biodegradation, Environmental Biomass Carbon/*metabolism *Fires *Grassland Nitrogen/*metabolism Soil/*chemistry Soil Microbiology 13c 15n litter decomposition pyrogenic organic matter soil organic matter soil organic matter fractions soil respiration tallgrass prairie PY - 2015 SN - 1365-2486 (Electronic) 1354-1013 (Linking) SP - 2321-33 ST - Annual Burning of a Tallgrass Prairie Inhibits C and N Cycling in Soil, Increasing Recalcitrant Pyrogenic Organic Matter Storage While Reducing N Availability T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Annual Burning of a Tallgrass Prairie Inhibits C and N Cycling in Soil, Increasing Recalcitrant Pyrogenic Organic Matter Storage While Reducing N Availability VL - 21 ID - 1803 ER - TY - JOUR AD - INRA, Unite Agron, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Lorme Des Merisiers, Saclay, France CEA, Lab Ecol Microbienne Rhizosphere, UMR 163, CNRS,Ctr Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France INRA Orleans, Unite Infosol, F-45160 Ardon, France AN - WOS:000224094100003 AU - Soussana, J.-F. 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DA - May DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2011.03.009 IS - 3-4 PY - 2011 SN - 0167-8809 SP - 310-322 ST - Grazing Management Impacts On Vegetation, Soil Biota and Soil Chemical, Physical and Hydrological Properties in Tall Grass Prairie T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment TI - Grazing Management Impacts On Vegetation, Soil Biota and Soil Chemical, Physical and Hydrological Properties in Tall Grass Prairie VL - 141 ID - 1807 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA CICESE, Dept Biol Conservac, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico AN - WOS:000287853000001 AU - Thomey, M. L. AU - Collins, S. L. AU - Vargas, R. AU - Johnson, J. E. AU - Brown, R. F. AU - Natvig, D. O. AU - Friggens, M. T. DA - Apr DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02363.x IS - 4 J2 - Global Change Biol KW - carbon cycle desert grasslands leaf gas exchange precipitation variability primary production soil respiration semiarid grassland sonoran desert co2 flux terrestrial ecosystems rainfall variability temporal dynamics plant-responses climate-change north-america gas-exchange LA - English PY - 2011 SN - 1354-1013 SP - 1505-1515 ST - Effect of Precipitation Variability On Net Primary Production and Soil Respiration in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Effect of Precipitation Variability On Net Primary Production and Soil Respiration in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland VL - 17 ID - 1808 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thomey, Michell L. AU - Ford, Paulette L. AU - Reeves, Matthew C. AU - Finch, Deborah M. AU - Litvak, Marcy E. AU - Collins, Scott L. DO - 10.2111/rangelands-d-13-00045.1 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 01900528 SP - 16-24 ST - Climate Change Impacts On Future Carbon Stores and Management of Warm Deserts of the United States T2 - Rangelands TI - Climate Change Impacts On Future Carbon Stores and Management of Warm Deserts of the United States VL - 36 ID - 1809 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Todd-Brown, K. E. O. AU - Randerson, J. T. AU - Post, W. M. AU - Hoffman, F. M. AU - Tarnocai, C. AU - Schuur, E. A. G. AU - Allison, S. D. DO - 10.5194/bg-10-1717-2013 IS - 3 L1 - https://www.biogeosciences.net/10/1717/2013/bg-10-1717-2013.pdf N1 - BG PY - 2013 SN - 1726-4189 SP - 1717-1736 ST - Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations T2 - Biogeosciences TI - Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations UR - https://www.biogeosciences.net/10/1717/2013/ VL - 10 ID - 1810 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA. AN - 24762538 AU - van Groenigen, K. J. AU - Qi, X. AU - Osenberg, C. W. AU - Luo, Y. AU - Hungate, B. A. DA - May 02 DO - 10.1126/science.1249534 IS - 6183 KW - Atmosphere/*chemistry *Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry Climate Change Soil/*chemistry PY - 2014 SN - 1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking) SP - 508-9 ST - Faster Decomposition Under Increased Atmospheric CO2 Limits Soil Carbon Storage T2 - Science TI - Faster Decomposition Under Increased Atmospheric CO2 Limits Soil Carbon Storage VL - 344 ID - 1811 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA AN - WOS:000220548800009 AU - Verburg, P. S. J. AU - Arnone, J. A. AU - Obrist, D. AU - Schorran, D. E. AU - Evans, R. D. AU - Leroux-Swarthout, D. AU - Johnson, D. W. AU - Luo, Y. Q. AU - Coleman, J. S. DA - Apr DO - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00744.x IS - 4 J2 - Global Change Biol KW - bromus tectorum carbon sequestration grasslands net ecosystem productivity organic-matter decomposition dissolved inorganic carbon tallgrass prairie sagebrush-bunchgrass isotopic composition bromus-tectorum elevated co2 soil dioxide respiration LA - English PY - 2004 SN - 1354-1013 SP - 498-508 ST - Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in Two Experimental Grassland Ecosystems T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in Two Experimental Grassland Ecosystems VL - 10 ID - 1812 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Y. P. AU - Jiang, J. AU - Chen-Charpentier, B. AU - Agusto, F. B. AU - Hastings, A. AU - Hoffman, F. AU - Rasmussen, M. AU - Smith, M. J. AU - Todd-Brown, K. AU - Wang, Y. AU - Xu, X. AU - Luo, Y. Q. DO - 10.5194/bgd-12-14647-2015 IS - 17 PY - 2015 SN - 1810-6285 SP - 14647-14692 ST - Responses of Two Nonlinear Microbial Models To Warming Or Increased Carbon Input T2 - Biogeosciences Discussions TI - Responses of Two Nonlinear Microbial Models To Warming Or Increased Carbon Input VL - 12 ID - 1813 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary Drylands represent our planet's largest terrestrial biome and, due to their extensive area, maintain large stocks of carbon (C). Accordingly, understanding how dryland C cycling will respond to climate change is imperative for accurately forecasting global C cycling and future climate. However, it remains difficult to predict how increased temperature will affect dryland C cycling, as substantial uncertainties surround the potential responses of the two main C fluxes: plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux. In addition to a need for an improved understanding of climate effects on individual dryland C fluxes, there is also notable uncertainty regarding how climate change may influence the relationship between these fluxes. To address this important knowledge gap, we measured a growing season's in situ photosynthesis, plant biomass accumulation and soil CO2 efflux of mature Achnatherum hymenoides (a common and ecologically important C3 bunchgrass growing throughout western North America) exposed to ambient or elevated temperature (+2 °C above ambient, warmed via infrared lamps) for 3 years. The 2 °C increase in temperature caused a significant reduction in photosynthesis, plant growth and soil CO2 efflux. Of important note, photosynthesis and soil respiration appeared tightly coupled and the relationship between these fluxes was not altered by the elevated temperature treatment, suggesting C fixation's strong control of both above‐ground and below‐ground dryland C cycling. Leaf water use efficiency was substantially increased in the elevated temperature treatment compared to the control treatment. Taken together, our results suggest notable declines in photosynthesis with relatively subtle warming, reveal strong coupling between above‐ and below‐ground C fluxes in this dryland and highlight temperature's strong effect on fundamental components of dryland C and water cycles. AU - Wertin, Timothy M. AU - Belnap, Jayne AU - Reed, Sasha C. DO - 10.1111/1365-2435.12708 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 297-305 ST - Experimental warming in a dryland community reduced plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux although the relationship between the fluxes remained unchanged T2 - Functional Ecology TI - Experimental warming in a dryland community reduced plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux although the relationship between the fluxes remained unchanged UR - https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2435.12708 VL - 31 ID - 1814 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dryland ecosystems represent >40 % of the terrestrial landscape and support over two billion people; consequently, it is vital to understand how drylands will respond to climatic change. However, while arid and semiarid ecosystems commonly experience extremely hot and dry conditions, our understanding of how further temperature increases or altered precipitation will affect dryland plant communities remains poor. To address this question, we assessed plant physiology and growth at a long-term (7-year) climate experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA, where the community is a mix of shallow-rooted C3 and C4 grasses and deep-rooted C4 shrubs. The experiment maintained elevated-temperature treatments (+2 or +4 °C) in combination with altered summer monsoonal precipitation (+small frequent precipitation events or +large infrequent events). Increased temperature negatively affected photosynthesis and growth of the C3 and C4 grasses, but effects varied in their timing: +4 °C treatments negatively affected the C3 grass early in the growing season of both years, while the negative effects of temperature on the C4 grass were seen in the +2 and +4 °C treatments, but only during the late growing season of the drier year. Increased summer precipitation did not affect photosynthesis or biomass for any species, either in the year the precipitation was applied or the following year. Although previous research suggests dryland plants, and C4 grasses in particular, may respond positively to elevated temperature, our findings from a cool desert show marked declines in C3 and C4 photosynthesis and growth, with temperature effects dependent on the degree of warming and growing-season precipitation. AU - Wertin, Timothy M. AU - Reed, Sasha C. AU - Belnap, Jayne DA - April 01 DO - 10.1007/s00442-015-3235-4 IS - 4 LB - Wertin2015 M3 - journal article PY - 2015 SN - 1432-1939 SP - 997-1013 ST - C3 and C4 plant responses to increased temperatures and altered monsoonal precipitation in a cool desert on the Colorado Plateau, USA T2 - Oecologia TI - C3 and C4 plant responses to increased temperatures and altered monsoonal precipitation in a cool desert on the Colorado Plateau, USA VL - 177 ID - 1815 ER - TY - JOUR AN - WOS:000364876500014 AU - Wieder, W. R. AU - Allison, S. D. AU - Davidson, E. A. AU - Georgiou, K. AU - Hararuk, O. AU - He, Y. J. AU - Hopkins, F. AU - Luo, Y. Q. AU - Smith, M. J. AU - Sulman, B. AU - Todd-Brown, K. AU - Wang, Y. P. AU - Xia, J. Y. AU - Xu, X. F. DA - Oct DO - 10.1002/2015gb005188 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SN - 0886-6236 SP - 1782-1800 ST - Explicitly Representing Soil Microbial Processes in Earth System Models T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles TI - Explicitly Representing Soil Microbial Processes in Earth System Models VL - 29 ID - 1816 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wylie, Bruce AU - Howard, Daniel AU - Dahal, Devendra AU - Gilmanov, Tagir AU - Ji, Lei AU - Zhang, Li AU - Smith, Kelcy DO - 10.3390/rs8110944 IS - 11 PY - 2016 SN - 2072-4292 SP - 944 ST - Grassland and Cropland Net Ecosystem Production of the U.S. Great Plains: Regression Tree Model Development and Comparative Analysis T2 - Remote Sensing TI - Grassland and Cropland Net Ecosystem Production of the U.S. Great Plains: Regression Tree Model Development and Comparative Analysis VL - 8 ID - 1817 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xiao, Jingfeng AU - Ollinger, Scott V. AU - Frolking, Steve AU - Hurtt, George C. AU - Hollinger, David Y. AU - Davis, Kenneth J. AU - Pan, Yude AU - Zhang, Xiaoyang AU - Deng, Feng AU - Chen, Jiquan AU - Baldocchi, Dennis D. AU - Law, Bevery E. AU - Arain, M. Altaf AU - Desai, Ankur R. AU - Richardson, Andrew D. AU - Sun, Ge AU - Amiro, Brian AU - Margolis, Hank AU - Gu, Lianhong AU - Scott, Russell L. AU - Blanken, Peter D. AU - Suyker, Andrew E. DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.013 PY - 2014 SN - 01681923 SP - 142-157 ST - Data-driven Diagnostics of Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics Over North America T2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology TI - Data-driven Diagnostics of Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics Over North America VL - 197 ID - 1818 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia AN - WOS:000360216400003 AU - Zelikova, T. J. AU - Williams, D. G. AU - Hoenigman, R. AU - Blumenthal, D. M. AU - Morgan, J. A. AU - Pendall, E. DA - Sep DO - 10.1111/1365-2745.12440 IS - 5 J2 - J Ecol KW - climate change greenness image analysis northern great plains phenology short grass steppe net primary production southwestern north-america climate-change carbon-dioxide atmospheric co2 global change terrestrial ecosystems species interactions nitrogen limitation shortgrass steppe LA - English PY - 2015 SN - 0022-0477 SP - 1119-1130 ST - Seasonality of Soil Moisture Mediates Responses of Ecosystem Phenology To Elevated CO2 and Warming in a Semi-arid Grassland T2 - Journal of Ecology TI - Seasonality of Soil Moisture Mediates Responses of Ecosystem Phenology To Elevated CO2 and Warming in a Semi-arid Grassland VL - 103 ID - 1819 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, Li AU - Wylie, Bruce K. AU - Ji, Lei AU - Gilmanov, Tagir G. AU - Tieszen, Larry L. AU - Howard, Daniel M. DO - 10.1029/2010jg001504 IS - G3 PY - 2011 SN - 0148-0227 ST - Upscaling Carbon Fluxes Over the Great Plains Grasslands: Sinks and Sources T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Upscaling Carbon Fluxes Over the Great Plains Grasslands: Sinks and Sources VL - 116 ID - 1820 ER - TY - JOUR AD - E China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Tiantong Natl Field Observat Stn Forest Ecosyst, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China Anhui Agr Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hefei 230036, Anhui, Peoples R China E China Normal Univ, Ctr Global Change & Ecol Forecasting, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Coastal Ecosyst Res Stn Yangtze River Estuary, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Minist Educ,Inst Biodivers Sci, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China E China Normal Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat SH, Shanghai 2000241, Peoples R China AN - WOS:000378455800008 AU - Zhou, X. H. AU - Zhou, L. Y. AU - Nie, Y. Y. AU - Fu, Y. L. AU - Du, Z. G. AU - Shao, J. J. AU - Zheng, Z. M. AU - Wang, X. H. DA - Jul 15 DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.030 J2 - Agr Ecosyst Environ KW - carbon allocation carbon turnover drought irrigation respiration root: shoot ratio soil c storage precipitation manipulation experiments different climatic zones elevated co2 water-stress nitrogen deposition atmospheric co2 respiration temperature patterns forest LA - English PY - 2016 SN - 0167-8809 SP - 70-81 ST - Similar Responses of Soil Carbon Storage To Drought and Irrigation in Terrestrial Ecosystems But With Contrasting Mechanisms: A Meta-analysis T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment TI - Similar Responses of Soil Carbon Storage To Drought and Irrigation in Terrestrial Ecosystems But With Contrasting Mechanisms: A Meta-analysis VL - 228 ID - 1821 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zhu, Z. AU - Bouchard, M. AU - Butman, D. AU - Hawbaker, T. AU - Li, Z. AU - Liu, J. AU - Liu, S. AU - McDonald, C. AU - Reker, R. AU - Sayler, K. AU - Sleeter, B. AU - Sohl, T. AU - Stackpoole, S. AU - Wein, A. CY - Reston, VA, USA PB - U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1787 PY - 2011 SP - 28 ST - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in the Great Plains Region of the United States TI - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in the Great Plains Region of the United States ID - 1822 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zhu, Z. AU - Reed, B. PB - U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1797 PY - 2012 SP - 192 ST - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Western United States TI - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Western United States UR - http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1797/ ID - 1823 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Zhu, Zhiliang AU - Reed, Bradley CY - Reston, Virginia DO - 10.3133/pp1804 PY - 2014 SN - 1804 ST - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Eastern United States T2 - U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1804 TI - Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Eastern United States ID - 1824 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Ndep) can strongly affect the greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, and N2O) sink capacity of grasslands as well as other terrestrial ecosystems. Robust predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depend on how experimental N loads compare to projected Ndep rates, and how accurately the relationship between GHG fluxes and Ndep is characterized. A literature review revealed that the vast majority of experimental N loads were higher than levels these ecosystems are predicted to experience in the future. Using a process-based biogeochemical model, we predicted that low levels of Ndep either enhanced or reduced the net GHG sink strength of most grasslands, but as experimental N loads continued to increase, grasslands transitioned to a N saturation-decline stage, where the sensitivity of GHG exchange to further increases in Ndep declined. Most published studies represented treatments well into the N saturation-decline stage. Our model results predict that the responses of GHG fluxes to N are highly nonlinear and that the N saturation thresholds for GHGs varied greatly among grasslands and with fire management. We predict that during the 21st century some grasslands will be in the N limitation stage where others will transition into the N saturation-decline stage. The linear relationship between GHG sink strength and N load assumed by most studies can overestimate or underestimate predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depending on their N baseline status. The next generation of global change experiments should be designed at multiple N loads consistent with future Ndep rates to improve our empirical understanding and predictive ability. AD - Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA. Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. National Renewable Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, 805523, USA. AN - 26661794 AU - Gomez-Casanovas, N. AU - Hudiburg, T. W. AU - Bernacchi, C. J. AU - Parton, W. J. AU - DeLucia, E. H. DA - Apr DO - 10.1111/gcb.13187 IS - 4 KW - Air Pollutants/*analysis Carbon Dioxide/*analysis *Grassland Methane/*analysis Models, Theoretical Nitrogen/*analysis Nitrous Oxide/*analysis Uncertainty Ch 4 N2o grassland methane net ecosystem CO2 exchange net ecosystem productivity nitrogen deposition nitrogen fertilization nitrous oxide N1 - Gomez-Casanovas, Nuria Hudiburg, Tara W Bernacchi, Carl J Parton, William J DeLucia, Evan H eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2015/12/15 06:00 Glob Chang Biol. 2016 Apr;22(4):1348-60. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13187. Epub 2016 Feb 9. PY - 2016 SN - 1365-2486 (Electronic) 1354-1013 (Linking) SP - 1348-60 ST - Nitrogen deposition and greenhouse gas emissions from grasslands: Uncertainties and future directions T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Nitrogen deposition and greenhouse gas emissions from grasslands: Uncertainties and future directions VL - 22 ID - 1825 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Soils of grasslands represent a large potential reservoir for storing CO2 , but this potential likely depends on how grasslands are managed for large mammal grazing. Previous studies found both strong positive and negative grazing effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) but explanations for this variation are poorly developed. Expanding on previous reviews, we performed a multifactorial meta-analysis of grazer effects on SOC density on 47 independent experimental contrasts from 17 studies. We explicitly tested hypotheses that grazer effects would shift from negative to positive with decreasing precipitation, increasing fineness of soil texture, transition from dominant grass species with C3 to C4 photosynthesis, and decreasing grazing intensity, after controlling for study duration and sampling depth. The six variables of soil texture, precipitation, grass type, grazing intensity, study duration, and sampling depth explained 85% of a large variation (+/-150 g m(-2) yr(-1) ) in grazing effects, and the best model included significant interactions between precipitation and soil texture (P = 0.002), grass type, and grazing intensity (P = 0.012), and study duration and soil sampling depth (P = 0.020). Specifically, an increase in mean annual precipitation of 600 mm resulted in a 24% decrease in grazer effect size on finer textured soils, while on sandy soils the same increase in precipitation produced a 22% increase in grazer effect on SOC. Increasing grazing intensity increased SOC by 6-7% on C4 -dominated and C4 -C3 mixed grasslands, but decreased SOC by an average 18% in C3 -dominated grasslands. We discovered these patterns despite a lack of studies in natural, wildlife-dominated ecosystems, and tropical grasslands. Our results, which suggest a future focus on why C3 vs. C4 -dominated grasslands differ so strongly in their response of SOC to grazing, show that grazer effects on SOC are highly context-specific and imply that grazers in different regions might be managed differently to help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. AD - Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. megan.mcsherry@gmail.com AN - 23504715 AU - McSherry, M. E. AU - Ritchie, M. E. DA - May DO - 10.1111/gcb.12144 IS - 5 KW - Animals Carbon/*analysis/metabolism *Ecosystem Feeding Behavior Food Chain Livestock/*physiology Poaceae Soil/*chemistry N1 - McSherry, Megan E Ritchie, Mark E eng Meta-Analysis Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review England 2013/03/19 06:00 Glob Chang Biol. 2013 May;19(5):1347-57. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12144. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PY - 2013 SN - 1354-1013 (Print) 1354-1013 (Linking) SP - 1347-57 ST - Effects of grazing on grassland soil carbon: A global review T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Effects of grazing on grassland soil carbon: A global review VL - 19 ID - 1826 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Norby, Richard J. AU - Luo, Yiqi DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01047.x IS - 2 PY - 2004 SN - 0028-646X 1469-8137 SP - 281-293 ST - Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world T2 - New Phytologist TI - Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world VL - 162 ID - 1827 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Invasion of non-native annuals across the Intermountain West is causing a widespread transition from perennial sagebrush communities to fire-prone annual herbaceous communities and grasslands. To determine how this invasion affects ecosystem function, carbon and water fluxes were quantified in three, paired sagebrush and adjacent postfire communities in the northern Great Basin using a 1-m3 gas exchange chamber. Most of the plant cover in the postfire communities was invasive species including Bromus tectorum L., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn and Sisymbrium altissimum L. Instantaneous morning net carbon exchange (NCE) and evapotranspiration (ET) in native shrub plots were greater than either intershrub or postfire plots. Native sagebrush communities were net carbon sinks (mean NCE 0.2-4.3 micromol m-2 s-1) throughout the growing season. The magnitude and seasonal variation of NCE in the postfire communities were controlled by the dominant species and availability of soil moisture. Net C exchange in postfire communities dominated by perennial bunchgrasses was similar to sagebrush. However, communities dominated by annuals (cheatgrass and mustard) had significantly lower NCE than sagebrush and became net sources of carbon to the atmosphere (NCE declined to -0.5 micromol m-2 s-1) with increased severity of the summer drought. Differences in the patterns of ET led to lower surface soil moisture content and increased soil temperatures during summer in the cheatgrass-dominated community compared to the adjacent sagebrush community. Intensive measurements at one site revealed that temporal and spatial patterns of NCE and ET were correlated most closely with changes in leaf area in each community. By altering the patterns of carbon and water exchange, conversion of native sagebrush to postfire invasive communities may disrupt surface-atmosphere exchange and degrade the carbon storage capacity of these systems. AD - Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. AN - 16151860 AU - Prater, M. R. AU - Obrist, D. AU - Arnone, J. A., 3rd AU - DeLucia, E. H. DA - Jan DO - 10.1007/s00442-005-0231-0 IS - 4 KW - Artemisia/*physiology Atmosphere Bromus/growth & development Carbon/*metabolism *Ecosystem Fires Great Lakes Region Plant Transpiration/*physiology Population Dynamics Rain Soil Time Factors Triticum/growth & development N1 - Prater, Margaret R Obrist, Daniel Arnone, John A 3rd DeLucia, Evan H eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany 2005/09/10 09:00 Oecologia. 2006 Jan;146(4):595-607. doi: 10.1007/s00442-005-0231-0. Epub 2005 Sep 7. PY - 2006 SN - 0029-8549 (Print) 0029-8549 (Linking) SP - 595-607 ST - Net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in postfire and intact sagebrush communities in the Great Basin T2 - Oecologia TI - Net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in postfire and intact sagebrush communities in the Great Basin VL - 146 ID - 1828 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephenson, Karen E. DO - 10.1674/0003-0031-165.1.50 IS - 1 PY - 2011 SN - 0003-0031 1938-4238 SP - 50-59 ST - Distribution of Grasslands in 19th Century Florida T2 - The American Midland Naturalist TI - Distribution of Grasslands in 19th Century Florida VL - 165 ID - 1829 ER -