Impact of Global Warming On Soil Organic Carbon - Smith, P.; Fang, C. M.; Dawson, J. J. C.; Moncrieff, J. B. (Advances in Agronomy, 2008)
Keywords: land-use change temperate grassland ecosystems long-term experiments climate-change co2 efflux mineral soil forest soil terrestrial ecosystems matter decomposition microbial biomass

The FORE-SCE Model: A Practical Approach For Projecting Land Cover Change Using Scenario-based Modeling - Sohl, Terry L.; Sayler, Kristi L.; Drummond, Mark A.; Loveland, Thomas R. (Journal of Land Use Science, 2007)

Annual Burning of a Tallgrass Prairie Inhibits C and N Cycling in Soil, Increasing Recalcitrant Pyrogenic Organic Matter Storage While Reducing N Availability - Soong, J. L.; Cotrufo, M. F. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Keywords: Andropogon Biodegradation, Environmental Biomass Carbon/*metabolism *Fires *Grassland Nitrogen/*metabolism Soil/*chemistry Soil Microbiology 13c 15n litter decomposition pyrogenic organic matter soil organic matter soil organic matter fractions soil respiration tallgrass prairie

Carbon Cycling and Sequestration Opportunities in Temperate Grasslands - Soussana, J.-F.; Loiseau, P.; Vuichard, N.; Ceschia, E.; Balesdent, J.; Chevallier, T.; Arrouays, D. (Soil Use and Management, 2004)
Keywords: carbon cycle carbon dioxide carbon sequestration climate change DOE TES proposal grassland greenhouse effect methane nitrous oxide

Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): Status and Issues - Stubbs, M (Congressional Research Service 7-5700. R42783, 2014)

Carbon Fluxes On North American Rangelands - Svejcar, T.; Angell, R.; Bradford, J. A.; Dugas, W.; Emmerich, W.; Frank, A. B.; Gilmanov, T.; Haferkamp, M.; Johnson, D. A.; Mayeux, H.; Mielnick, P.; Morgan, J.; et al. (Rangeland Ecology and Management, 2008)
Keywords: carbon flux grasslands sequestration shrub steppe sagebrush-steppe ecosystems dioxide fluxes tallgrass prairie bowen-ratio co2 flux terrestrial ecosystems temperate grassland exchange chamber balance

Grazing Management Impacts On Vegetation, Soil Biota and Soil Chemical, Physical and Hydrological Properties in Tall Grass Prairie - Teague, W. R.; Dowhower, S. L.; Baker, S. A.; Haile, N.; DeLaune, P. B.; Conover, D. M. (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2011)

Effect of Precipitation Variability On Net Primary Production and Soil Respiration in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland - Thomey, M. L.; Collins, S. L.; Vargas, R.; Johnson, J. E.; Brown, R. F.; Natvig, D. O.; Friggens, M. T. (Global Change Biology, 2011)
Keywords: carbon cycle desert grasslands leaf gas exchange precipitation variability primary production soil respiration semiarid grassland sonoran desert co2 flux terrestrial ecosystems rainfall variability temporal dynamics plant-responses climate-change north-america gas-exchange

Climate Change Impacts On Future Carbon Stores and Management of Warm Deserts of the United States - Thomey, Michell L.; Ford, Paulette L.; Reeves, Matthew C.; Finch, Deborah M.; Litvak, Marcy E.; Collins, Scott L. (Rangelands, 2014)

Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations - Todd-Brown, K. E. O.; Randerson, J. T.; Post, W. M.; Hoffman, F. M.; Tarnocai, C.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Allison, S. D. (Biogeosciences, 2013)
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Faster Decomposition Under Increased Atmospheric CO2 Limits Soil Carbon Storage - van Groenigen, K. J.; Qi, X.; Osenberg, C. W.; Luo, Y.; Hungate, B. A. (Science, 2014)
Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry *Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry Climate Change Soil/*chemistry

Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in Two Experimental Grassland Ecosystems - Verburg, P. S. J.; Arnone, J. A.; Obrist, D.; Schorran, D. E.; Evans, R. D.; Leroux-Swarthout, D.; Johnson, D. W.; Luo, Y. Q.; Coleman, J. S. (Global Change Biology, 2004)
Keywords: bromus tectorum carbon sequestration grasslands net ecosystem productivity organic-matter decomposition dissolved inorganic carbon tallgrass prairie sagebrush-bunchgrass isotopic composition bromus-tectorum elevated co2 soil dioxide respiration

Responses of Two Nonlinear Microbial Models To Warming Or Increased Carbon Input - Wang, Y. P.; Jiang, J.; Chen-Charpentier, B.; Agusto, F. B.; Hastings, A.; Hoffman, F.; Rasmussen, M.; Smith, M. J.; Todd-Brown, K.; Wang, Y.; Xu, X.; Luo, Y. Q. (Biogeosciences Discussions, 2015)

Experimental warming in a dryland community reduced plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux although the relationship between the fluxes remained unchanged - Wertin, Timothy M.; Belnap, Jayne; Reed, Sasha C. (Functional Ecology, 2017)
Summary Drylands represent our planet's largest terrestrial biome and, due to their extensive area, maintain large stocks of carbon (C). Accordingly, understanding how dryland C cycling will respond to climate change is imperative for accurately forecasting global C cycling and future climate. However, it remains difficult to predict how increased temperature will affect dryland C cycling, as substantial uncertainties surround the potential responses of the two main C fluxes: plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux. In addition to a need for an improved understanding of climate effects on individual dryland C fluxes, there is also notable uncertainty regarding how climate change may influence the relationship between these fluxes. To address this important knowledge gap, we measured a growing season's in situ photosynthesis, plant biomass accumulation and soil CO2 efflux of mature Achnatherum hymenoides (a common and ecologically important C3 bunchgrass growing throughout western North America) exposed to ambient or elevated temperature (+2 °C above ambient, warmed via infrared lamps) for 3 years. The 2 °C increase in temperature caused a significant reduction in photosynthesis, plant growth and soil CO2 efflux. Of important note, photosynthesis and soil respiration appeared tightly coupled and the relationship between these fluxes was not altered by the elevated temperature treatment, suggesting C fixation's strong control of both above‐ground and below‐ground dryland C cycling. Leaf water use efficiency was substantially increased in the elevated temperature treatment compared to the control treatment. Taken together, our results suggest notable declines in photosynthesis with relatively subtle warming, reveal strong coupling between above‐ and below‐ground C fluxes in this dryland and highlight temperature's strong effect on fundamental components of dryland C and water cycles.

C3 and C4 plant responses to increased temperatures and altered monsoonal precipitation in a cool desert on the Colorado Plateau, USA - Wertin, Timothy M.; Reed, Sasha C.; Belnap, Jayne (Oecologia, 2015)
Dryland ecosystems represent >40 % of the terrestrial landscape and support over two billion people; consequently, it is vital to understand how drylands will respond to climatic change. However, while arid and semiarid ecosystems commonly experience extremely hot and dry conditions, our understanding of how further temperature increases or altered precipitation will affect dryland plant communities remains poor. To address this question, we assessed plant physiology and growth at a long-term (7-year) climate experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA, where the community is a mix of shallow-rooted C3 and C4 grasses and deep-rooted C4 shrubs. The experiment maintained elevated-temperature treatments (+2 or +4 °C) in combination with altered summer monsoonal precipitation (+small frequent precipitation events or +large infrequent events). Increased temperature negatively affected photosynthesis and growth of the C3 and C4 grasses, but effects varied in their timing: +4 °C treatments negatively affected the C3 grass early in the growing season of both years, while the negative effects of temperature on the C4 grass were seen in the +2 and +4 °C treatments, but only during the late growing season of the drier year. Increased summer precipitation did not affect photosynthesis or biomass for any species, either in the year the precipitation was applied or the following year. Although previous research suggests dryland plants, and C4 grasses in particular, may respond positively to elevated temperature, our findings from a cool desert show marked declines in C3 and C4 photosynthesis and growth, with temperature effects dependent on the degree of warming and growing-season precipitation.

Explicitly Representing Soil Microbial Processes in Earth System Models - Wieder, W. R.; Allison, S. D.; Davidson, E. A.; Georgiou, K.; Hararuk, O.; He, Y. J.; Hopkins, F.; Luo, Y. Q.; Smith, M. J.; Sulman, B.; Todd-Brown, K.; Wang, Y. P.; et al. (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2015)

Grassland and Cropland Net Ecosystem Production of the U.S. Great Plains: Regression Tree Model Development and Comparative Analysis - Wylie, Bruce; Howard, Daniel; Dahal, Devendra; Gilmanov, Tagir; Ji, Lei; Zhang, Li; Smith, Kelcy (Remote Sensing, 2016)

Data-driven Diagnostics of Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics Over North America - Xiao, Jingfeng; Ollinger, Scott V.; Frolking, Steve; Hurtt, George C.; Hollinger, David Y.; Davis, Kenneth J.; Pan, Yude; Zhang, Xiaoyang; Deng, Feng; Chen, Jiquan; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Law, Bevery E.; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2014)

Seasonality of Soil Moisture Mediates Responses of Ecosystem Phenology To Elevated CO2 and Warming in a Semi-arid Grassland - Zelikova, T. J.; Williams, D. G.; Hoenigman, R.; Blumenthal, D. M.; Morgan, J. A.; Pendall, E. (Journal of Ecology, 2015)
Keywords: climate change greenness image analysis northern great plains phenology short grass steppe net primary production southwestern north-america climate-change carbon-dioxide atmospheric co2 global change terrestrial ecosystems species interactions nitrogen limitation shortgrass steppe

Upscaling Carbon Fluxes Over the Great Plains Grasslands: Sinks and Sources - Zhang, Li; Wylie, Bruce K.; Ji, Lei; Gilmanov, Tagir G.; Tieszen, Larry L.; Howard, Daniel M. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011)

Similar Responses of Soil Carbon Storage To Drought and Irrigation in Terrestrial Ecosystems But With Contrasting Mechanisms: A Meta-analysis - Zhou, X. H.; Zhou, L. Y.; Nie, Y. Y.; Fu, Y. L.; Du, Z. G.; Shao, J. J.; Zheng, Z. M.; Wang, X. H. (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2016)
Keywords: carbon allocation carbon turnover drought irrigation respiration root: shoot ratio soil c storage precipitation manipulation experiments different climatic zones elevated co2 water-stress nitrogen deposition atmospheric co2 respiration temperature patterns forest

Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in the Great Plains Region of the United States - Zhu, Z.; Bouchard, M.; Butman, D.; Hawbaker, T.; Li, Z.; Liu, J.; Liu, S.; McDonald, C.; Reker, R.; Sayler, K.; Sleeter, B.; Sohl, T.; et al. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1787, 2011)

Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Western United States - Zhu, Z.; Reed, B. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1797, 2012)

Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the Eastern United States - Zhu, Zhiliang; Reed, Bradley (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1804, 2014)

Nitrogen deposition and greenhouse gas emissions from grasslands: Uncertainties and future directions - Gomez-Casanovas, N.; Hudiburg, T. W.; Bernacchi, C. J.; Parton, W. J.; DeLucia, E. H. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Ndep) can strongly affect the greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, and N2O) sink capacity of grasslands as well as other terrestrial ecosystems. Robust predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depend on how experimental N loads compare to projected Ndep rates, and how accurately the relationship between GHG fluxes and Ndep is characterized. A literature review revealed that the vast majority of experimental N loads were higher than levels these ecosystems are predicted to experience in the future. Using a process-based biogeochemical model, we predicted that low levels of Ndep either enhanced or reduced the net GHG sink strength of most grasslands, but as experimental N loads continued to increase, grasslands transitioned to a N saturation-decline stage, where the sensitivity of GHG exchange to further increases in Ndep declined. Most published studies represented treatments well into the N saturation-decline stage. Our model results predict that the responses of GHG fluxes to N are highly nonlinear and that the N saturation thresholds for GHGs varied greatly among grasslands and with fire management. We predict that during the 21st century some grasslands will be in the N limitation stage where others will transition into the N saturation-decline stage. The linear relationship between GHG sink strength and N load assumed by most studies can overestimate or underestimate predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depending on their N baseline status. The next generation of global change experiments should be designed at multiple N loads consistent with future Ndep rates to improve our empirical understanding and predictive ability.
Gomez-Casanovas, Nuria Hudiburg, Tara W Bernacchi, Carl J Parton, William J DeLucia, Evan H eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2015/12/15 06:00 Glob Chang Biol. 2016 Apr;22(4):1348-60. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13187. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
Keywords: Air Pollutants/*analysis Carbon Dioxide/*analysis *Grassland Methane/*analysis Models, Theoretical Nitrogen/*analysis Nitrous Oxide/*analysis Uncertainty Ch 4 N2o grassland methane net ecosystem CO2 exchange net ecosystem productivity nitrogen deposition nitrogen fertilization nitrous oxide

Effects of grazing on grassland soil carbon: A global review - McSherry, M. E.; Ritchie, M. E. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Soils of grasslands represent a large potential reservoir for storing CO2 , but this potential likely depends on how grasslands are managed for large mammal grazing. Previous studies found both strong positive and negative grazing effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) but explanations for this variation are poorly developed. Expanding on previous reviews, we performed a multifactorial meta-analysis of grazer effects on SOC density on 47 independent experimental contrasts from 17 studies. We explicitly tested hypotheses that grazer effects would shift from negative to positive with decreasing precipitation, increasing fineness of soil texture, transition from dominant grass species with C3 to C4 photosynthesis, and decreasing grazing intensity, after controlling for study duration and sampling depth. The six variables of soil texture, precipitation, grass type, grazing intensity, study duration, and sampling depth explained 85% of a large variation (+/-150 g m(-2) yr(-1) ) in grazing effects, and the best model included significant interactions between precipitation and soil texture (P = 0.002), grass type, and grazing intensity (P = 0.012), and study duration and soil sampling depth (P = 0.020). Specifically, an increase in mean annual precipitation of 600 mm resulted in a 24% decrease in grazer effect size on finer textured soils, while on sandy soils the same increase in precipitation produced a 22% increase in grazer effect on SOC. Increasing grazing intensity increased SOC by 6-7% on C4 -dominated and C4 -C3 mixed grasslands, but decreased SOC by an average 18% in C3 -dominated grasslands. We discovered these patterns despite a lack of studies in natural, wildlife-dominated ecosystems, and tropical grasslands. Our results, which suggest a future focus on why C3 vs. C4 -dominated grasslands differ so strongly in their response of SOC to grazing, show that grazer effects on SOC are highly context-specific and imply that grazers in different regions might be managed differently to help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
McSherry, Megan E Ritchie, Mark E eng Meta-Analysis Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review England 2013/03/19 06:00 Glob Chang Biol. 2013 May;19(5):1347-57. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12144. Epub 2013 Feb 26.
Keywords: Animals Carbon/*analysis/metabolism *Ecosystem Feeding Behavior Food Chain Livestock/*physiology Poaceae Soil/*chemistry

Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world - Norby, Richard J.; Luo, Yiqi (New Phytologist, 2004)

Net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in postfire and intact sagebrush communities in the Great Basin - Prater, M. R.; Obrist, D.; Arnone, J. A., 3rd; DeLucia, E. H. (Oecologia, 2006)
Invasion of non-native annuals across the Intermountain West is causing a widespread transition from perennial sagebrush communities to fire-prone annual herbaceous communities and grasslands. To determine how this invasion affects ecosystem function, carbon and water fluxes were quantified in three, paired sagebrush and adjacent postfire communities in the northern Great Basin using a 1-m3 gas exchange chamber. Most of the plant cover in the postfire communities was invasive species including Bromus tectorum L., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn and Sisymbrium altissimum L. Instantaneous morning net carbon exchange (NCE) and evapotranspiration (ET) in native shrub plots were greater than either intershrub or postfire plots. Native sagebrush communities were net carbon sinks (mean NCE 0.2-4.3 micromol m-2 s-1) throughout the growing season. The magnitude and seasonal variation of NCE in the postfire communities were controlled by the dominant species and availability of soil moisture. Net C exchange in postfire communities dominated by perennial bunchgrasses was similar to sagebrush. However, communities dominated by annuals (cheatgrass and mustard) had significantly lower NCE than sagebrush and became net sources of carbon to the atmosphere (NCE declined to -0.5 micromol m-2 s-1) with increased severity of the summer drought. Differences in the patterns of ET led to lower surface soil moisture content and increased soil temperatures during summer in the cheatgrass-dominated community compared to the adjacent sagebrush community. Intensive measurements at one site revealed that temporal and spatial patterns of NCE and ET were correlated most closely with changes in leaf area in each community. By altering the patterns of carbon and water exchange, conversion of native sagebrush to postfire invasive communities may disrupt surface-atmosphere exchange and degrade the carbon storage capacity of these systems.
Prater, Margaret R Obrist, Daniel Arnone, John A 3rd DeLucia, Evan H eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany 2005/09/10 09:00 Oecologia. 2006 Jan;146(4):595-607. doi: 10.1007/s00442-005-0231-0. Epub 2005 Sep 7.
Keywords: Artemisia/*physiology Atmosphere Bromus/growth & development Carbon/*metabolism *Ecosystem Fires Great Lakes Region Plant Transpiration/*physiology Population Dynamics Rain Soil Time Factors Triticum/growth & development

Distribution of Grasslands in 19th Century Florida - Stephenson, Karen E. (The American Midland Naturalist, 2011)

Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire: an expert assessment - Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Jeremy B. J; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Chapin, F. Stuart III; Bowden, William B.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Epstein, Howard E.; Flannigan, Michael D.; Harms, Tamara K.; Hollingsworth, Teresa N.; Mack, Michelle C.; McGuire, A. David; et al. (Environmental Research Letters, 2016)

A Canopy Shift in Interior Alaskan Boreal Forests: Consequences for Above- and Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen Pools during Post-fire Succession - Alexander, Heather D.; Mack, Michelle C. (Ecosystems, 2016)

Carbon Accumulation Patterns During Post-Fire Succession in Cajander Larch (Larix cajanderi) Forests of Siberia - Alexander, Heather D.; Mack, Michelle C.; Goetz, Scott; Loranty, Michael M.; Beck, Pieter S. A.; Earl, Kamala; Zimov, Sergey; Davydov, Sergey; Thompson, Catharine C. (Ecosystems, 2012)

AMAP Assessment 2015: Methane As an Arctic Climate Forcer - AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 2015)

Timing of retrogressive thaw slump initiation in the Noatak Basin, northwest Alaska, USA - Balser, Andrew W; Jones, Jeremy B; Gens, Rudiger (Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2014)

Vulnerability of carbon storage in North American boreal forests to wildfires during the 21st century - Balshi, M. S.; McGuire, A. D.; Duffy, P.; Flannigan, M.; Kicklighter, D. W.; Melillo, J. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Keywords: boreal carbon dynamics climate change fire emissions

Freshwater Methane Emissions Offset the Continental Carbon Sink - Bastviken, David; Tranvik, Lars J.; Downing, John A.; Crill, Patrick M.; Enrich-Prast, Alex (Science, 2011)

Satellite observations of high northern latitude vegetation productivity changes between 1982 and 2008: ecological variability and regional differences - Beck, P. S. A.; Goetz, S. J. (Environmental Research Letters, 2011)

Tundra ecosystems observed to be CO2 sources due to differential amplification of the carbon cycle - Belshe, E. F.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Bolker, B. M. (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Keywords: Carbon flux tundra climate change

Atmospheric constraints on the methane emissions from the East Siberian Shelf - Berchet, A.; Bousquet, P.; Pison, I.; Locatelli, R.; Chevallier, F.; Paris, J. D.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Laurila, T.; Hatakka, J.; Viisanen, Y.; Worthy, D. E. J.; Nisbet, E.; et al. (Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016)

Atmospheric CH4 in the first decade of the 21st century: Inverse modeling analysis using SCIAMACHY satellite retrievals and NOAA surface measurements - Bergamaschi, P.; Houweling, S.; Segers, A.; Krol, M.; Frankenberg, C.; Scheepmaker, R. A.; Dlugokencky, E.; Wofsy, S. C.; Kort, E. A.; Sweeney, C.; Schuck, T.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013)
Keywords: atmospheric CH4 CH4 emissions interannual variability and trends 0322 Constituent sources and sinks 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0426 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling

The new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) - Biskaborn, B. K.; Lanckman, J. P.; Lantuit, H.; Elger, K.; Streletskiy, D. A.; Cable, W. L.; Romanovsky, V. E. (Earth System Science Data, 2015)

Quantifying fire severity, carbon, and nitrogen emissions in Alaska's boreal forest - Boby, Leslie A.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Mack, Michelle C.; Verbyla, David; Johnstone, Jill F. (Ecological Applications, 2010)
Keywords: adventitious roots Alaska USA allometric equations black spruce carbon emissions forest fire nitrogen organic layer depth Picea mariana soil carbon surface fuel consumption

The importance of "Deep" organic carbon in permafrost-affected soils of Arctic Alaska - Bockheim, J. G.; Hinkel, K. M. (Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007)

Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance - Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Peckham, Scott D.; Ahl, Douglas E.; Gower, Stith T. (Nature, 2007)

Temperature sensitivity of organic matter decomposition of permafrost-region soils during laboratory incubations - Bracho, Rosvel; Natali, Susan; Pegoraro, Elaine; Crummer, Kathryn G.; Schädel, Christina; Celis, Gerardo; Hale, Lauren; Wu, Liyou; Yin, Huaqun; Tiedje, James M.; Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T.; Luo, Yiqi; et al. (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016)
Keywords: Temperature sensitivity (Q10) Tundra Organic matter decomposition Carbon pools GeoChip

Projecting vegetation and wildfire response to changing climate and fire management in interior Alaska - Breen, A.L.; Bennett, A.; Kurkowski, T.; Lindgren, M.; Schroder, J.; McGuire, A.D.; Rupp, T.S. (Alaska Fire Science Consortium Research Summary, 2016)

The response of Arctic vegetation and soils following an unusually severe tundra fire - Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Mack, Michelle C.; Shaver, Gaius R.; Huebner, Diane C.; Johnston, Miriam; Mojica, Camilo A.; Pizano, Camila; Reiskind, Julia A. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2013)

Using the deuterium isotope composition of permafrost meltwater to constrain thermokarst lake contributions to atmospheric CH4 during the last deglaciation - Brosius, L. S.; Walter Anthony, K. M.; Grosse, G.; Chanton, J. P.; Farquharson, L. M.; Overduin, P. P.; Meyer, H. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2012)
Keywords: deglacial isotopes lakes methane thermokarst 0426 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0454 Isotopic composition and chemistry 0458 Limnology 0473 Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes

Once burned, twice shy: Repeat fires reduce seed availability and alter substrate constraints on Picea mariana regeneration - Brown, Carissa D.; Johnstone, Jill F. (Forest Ecology and Management, 2012)
Keywords: Germination Seedling establishment Seed bed Serotiny Fire regime Fire frequency

Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Gound-Ice Conditions - Brown, J.; Ferrians, O. J. Jr.; Heginbottom, J. A.; Melnikov, E. S. (Circum-Pacific Map 45. U.S. Geological Survey, 1997)

Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Gound-Ice Conditions - Brown, J.; Ferrians, O. J. Jr.; Heginbottom, J. A.; Melnikov, E. S. (Circum-Pacific Map Series CP-45, scale 1:10,000,000, 1 sheet, 1998)

CarbonTracker-CH4: an Assimilation System For Estimating Emissions of Atmospheric Methane - Bruhwiler, L.; Dlugokencky, E.; Masarie, K.; Ishizawa, M.; Andrews, A.; Miller, J.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P.; Worthy, D. (Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014)

Uncertainties in the global temperature change caused by carbon release from permafrost thawing - Burke, E. J.; Hartley, I. P.; Jones, C. D. (Cryosphere, 2012)

Estimating the permafrost-carbon climate response in the CMIP5 climate models using a simplified approach - Burke, E. J.; Jones, C. D.; Koven, C. D. (Journal of Climate, 2013)

Effects on the function of Arctic ecosystems in the short- and long-term perspectives - Callaghan, T. V.; Bjorn, L. O.; Chernov, Y.; Chapin, T.; Christensen, T. R.; Huntley, B.; Ims, R. A.; Johansson, M.; Jolly, D.; Jonasson, S.; Matveyeva, N.; Panikov, N.; et al. (Ambio, 2004)

Methane Emissions From Alaska in 2012 From CARVE Airborne Observations - Chang, R. Y.; Miller, C. E.; Dinardo, S. J.; Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.; Daube, B. C.; Henderson, J. M.; Mountain, M. E.; Eluszkiewicz, J.; Miller, J. B.; Bruhwiler, L. M.; Wofsy, S. C. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2014)
Keywords: Alaska Arctic boreal methane tundra

Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods - Chapin, F. S.; Woodwell, G. M.; Randerson, J. T.; Rastetter, E. B.; Lovett, G. M.; Baldocchi, D. D.; Clark, D. A.; Harmon, M. E.; Schimel, D. S.; Valentini, R.; Wirth, C.; Aber, J. D.; et al. (Ecosystems, 2006)
Keywords: net ecosystem production net ecosystem carbon balance gross primary production ecosystem respiration autotrophic respiration heterotrophic respiration net ecosystem exchange net biome production net primary production terrestrial ecosystems atmospheric co2 organic-carbon primary productivity energy-flow salt-marsh metabolism forests climate photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide sources from Alaska driven by increasing early winter respiration from Arctic tundra - Commane, R.; Lindaas, J.; Benmergui, J.; Luus, K. A.; Chang, R. Y.; Daube, B. C.; Euskirchen, E. S.; Henderson, J. M.; Karion, A.; Miller, J. B.; Miller, S. M.; Parazoo, N. C.; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2017)
Keywords: Alaska Arctic carbon dioxide early winter respiration tundra

The permafrost carbon inventory on the Tibetan Plateau: a new evaluation using deep sediment cores - Ding, Jinzhi; Li, Fei; Yang, Guibiao; Chen, Leiyi; Zhang, Beibei; Liu, Li; Fang, Kai; Qin, Shuqi; Chen, Yongliang; Peng, Yunfeng; Ji, Chengjun; He, Honglin; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Keywords: alpine permafrost carbon-climate feedback deep sediment soil organic carbon stock support vector machine

Observational Constraints On Recent Increases in the Atmospheric CH4 Burden - Dlugokencky, E. J.; Bruhwiler, L.; White, J. W. C.; Emmons, L. K.; Novelli, P. C.; Montzka, S. A.; Masarie, K. A.; Lang, P. M.; Crotwell, A. M.; Miller, J. B.; Gatti, L. V. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2009)
Keywords: methane climate 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry 0426 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0428 Carbon cycling

Permafrost Monitoring of Southern Tundra Landscapes in the Russian European North and West Siberia - Drozdov, D.S.; Malkova, G. V.; Ukraintseva, N. G.; Korostelev, Y. V. (Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Permafrost. Vol. 2: Translations of Russian Contributions, 2012)

Potential carbon release from permafrost soils of Northeastern Siberia - Dutta, K.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Neff, J. C.; Zimov, S. A. (Global Change Biology, 2006)

Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world - Ellis, Erle C.; Ramankutty, Navin (Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2008)

Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming - Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Hollister, Robert D.; Bjork, Robert G.; Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Day, Thomas A.; Dorrepaal, Ellen; Elumeeva, Tatiana G.; Gill, Mike; Gould, William A.; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2012)

Tundra Greeness - Epstein, H. E.; Bhatt, Uma S.; Raynolds, Martha K.; Walker, D. A.; Bieniek, Peter A.; Tucker, C. J.; Pinzon, J. E.; Myers-Smith, I. H.; Forbes, B. C.; Macias-Fauria, Marc; Boelman, Natalie T.; Sweet, S. K. (Arctic Report Card: Update for 2015, 2015)

Dynamics of aboveground phytomass of the circumpolar Arctic tundra during the past three decades - Epstein, H. E.; Raynolds, M. K.; Walker, D. A.; Bhatt, U. S.; Tucker, C. J.; Pinzon, J. E. (Environmental Research Letters, 2012)

Impacts of climate change on fire activity and fire management in the circumboreal forest - Flannigan, Mike; Stocks, Brian; Turetsky, Merritt; Wotton, Mike (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Keywords: carbon balance circumboreal forest climate change fire management forest fires peatlands

Fire in Arctic tundra of Alaska: past fire activity, future fire potential, and significance for land management and ecology - French, Nancy HF; Jenkins, Liza K; Loboda, Tatiana V; Flannigan, Michael; Jandt, Randi; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L; Whitley, Matthew (International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2015)

Tall shrub and tree expansion in Siberian tundra ecotones since the 1960s - Frost, Gerald V.; Epstein, Howard E. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Keywords: alder Arctic tundra forest-tundra larch permafrost shrub expansion Siberia treeline

Permafrost degradation and methane: low risk of biogeochemical climate-warming feedback - Gao, Xiang; Schlosser, C. Adam; Sokolov, Andrei; Anthony, Katey Walter; Zhuang, Qianlai; Kicklighter, David (Environmental Research Letters, 2013)

Analysis of daily, monthly, and annual burned area using the fourth-generation global fire emissions database (GFED4) - Giglio, Louis; Randerson, James T.; van der Werf, Guido R. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2013)
Keywords: fire biomass burning burned area 0428 Carbon cycling 0468 Natural hazards 0434 Data sets

Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics: Report of a Workshop - Gogineni, P; Romanovsky, V E; Cherry, J; Duguay, C; Goetz, S; Jorgenson, M T; Moghaddam, M. (The National Academies Press, 2014)

Northern Peatlands - Role in the carbon-cycle and probabable responses to climatic warming - Gorham, E. (Ecological Applications, 1991)

Field Information Links Permafrost Carbon to Physical Vulnerabilities of Thawing - Harden, Jennifer W.; Koven, Charles D.; Ping, Chien-Lu; Hugelius, Gustaf; David McGuire, A.; Camill, Phillip; Jorgenson, Torre; Kuhry, Peter; Michaelson, Gary J.; O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Tarnocai, Charles; et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2012)

Dynamics of Soil Carbon During Deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet - Harden, Jennifer W.; Mark, Robert K.; Sundquist, Eric T.; Stallard, Robert F. (Science, 1992)

The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget - Harden, J. W.; Trumbore, S. E.; Stocks, B. J.; Hirsch, A.; Gower, S. T.; O'Neill, K. P.; Kasischke, E. S. (Global Change Biology, 2000)

Controls over carbon storage and turnover in high-latitude soils - Hobbie, S. E.; Schimel, J. P.; Trumbore, S. E.; Randerson, J. R. (Global Change Biology, 2000)

More frequent burning increases vulnerability of Alaskan boreal black spruce forests - Hoy, E. E.; Turetsky, M. R.; Kasischke, E S (Environmental Research Letters, 2016)

Arctic tundra fires: natural variability and responses to climate change - Hu, Feng Sheng; Higuera, Philip E.; Duffy, Paul; Chipman, Melissa L.; Rocha, Adrian V.; Young, Adam M.; Kelly, Ryan; Dietze, Michael C. (Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2015)

Tundra burning in Alaska: Linkages to climatic change and sea ice retreat - Hu, Feng Sheng; Higuera, Philip E.; Walsh, John E.; Chapman, William L.; Duffy, Paul A.; Brubaker, Linda B.; Chipman, Melissa L. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2010)
Keywords: Arctic charcoal records climatic warming paleoecology sea ice retreat tundra fire 0400 Biogeosciences 0439 Ecosystems, structure and dynamics 0429 Climate dynamics 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes

Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps - Hugelius, G.; Strauss, J.; Zubrzycki, S.; Harden, J. W.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Ping, C. L.; Schirrmeister, L.; Grosse, G.; Michaelson, G. J.; Koven, C. D.; O'Donnell, J. A.; Elberling, B.; et al. (Biogeosciences, 2014)

The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I To the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change - IPCC (Cambridge University Press, 2013)

Multi-decadal degradation and persistence of permafrost in the Alaska Highway corridor, northwest Canada - James, M.; Lewkowicz, A. G.; Smith, S. L.; Miceli, C. M. (Environmental Research Letters, 2013)

Greening of Arctic Alaska, 1981–2001 - Jia, Gensuo J.; Epstein, Howard E.; Walker, Donald A. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2003)
Keywords: 1640 Remote sensing 3322 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions 9315 Information Related to Geographic Region: Arctic region

Contrasting soil thermal responses to fire in Alaskan tundra and boreal forest - Jiang, Yueyang; Rocha, Adrian V.; O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Drysdale, Jessica A.; Rastetter, Edward B.; Shaver, Gaius R.; Zhuang, Qianlai (Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2015)
Keywords: soil thermal dynamics fire disturbance thermal conductivity 0476 Plant ecology 0702 Permafrost 0718 Tundra 0768 Thermal regime 0706 Active layer

The Vertical Distribution Of Soil Organic Carbon And Its Relation To Climate And Vegetation - Jobbágy, Esteban G.; Jackson, Robert B. (Ecological Applications, 2000)
As the largest pool of terrestrial organic carbon, soils interact strongly with atmospheric composition, climate, and land cover change. Our capacity to predict and ameliorate the consequences of global change depends in part on a better understanding of the distributions and controls of soil organic carbon (SOC) and how vegetation change may affect SOC distributions with depth. The goals of this paper are (1) to examine the association of SOC content with climate and soil texture at different soil depths; (2) to test the hypothesis that vegetation type, through patterns of allocation, is a dominant control on the vertical distribution of SOC; and (3) to estimate global SOC storage to 3 m, including an analysis of the potential effects of vegetation change on soil carbon storage. We based our analysis on >2700 soil profiles in three global databases supplemented with data for climate, vegetation, and land use. The analysis focused on mineral soil layers. Plant functional types significantly affected the vertical distribution of SOC. The percentage of SOC in the top 20 cm (relative to the first meter) averaged 33%, 42%, and 50% for shrublands, grasslands, and forests, respectively. In shrublands, the amount of SOC in the second and third meters was 77% of that in the first meter; in forests and grasslands, the totals were 56% and 43%, respectively. Globally, the relative distribution of SOC with depth had a slightly stronger association with vegetation than with climate, but the opposite was true for the absolute amount of SOC. Total SOC content increased with precipitation and clay content and decreased with temperature. The importance of these controls switched with depth, climate dominating in shallow layers and clay content dominating in deeper layers, possibly due to increasing percentages of slowly cycling SOC fractions at depth. To control for the effects of climate on vegetation, we grouped soils within climatic ranges and compared distributions for vegetation types within each range. The percentage of SOC in the top 20 cm relative to the first meter varied from 29% in cold arid shrublands to 57% in cold humid forests and, for a given climate, was always deepest in shrublands, intermediate in grasslands, and shallowest in forests (P < 0.05 in all cases). The effect of vegetation type was more important than the direct effect of precipitation in this analysis. These data suggest that shoot/root allocations combined with vertical root distributions, affect the distribution of SOC with depth. Global SOC storage in the top 3 m of soil was 2344 Pg C, or 56% more than the 1502 Pg estimated for the first meter (which is similar to the total SOC estimates of 1500?1600 Pg made by other researchers). Global totals for the second and third meters were 491 and 351 Pg C, and the biomes with the most SOC at 1?3 m depth were tropical evergreen forests (158 Pg C) and tropical grasslands/savannas (146 Pg C). Our work suggests that plant functional types, through differences in allocation, help to control SOC distributions with depth in the soil. Our analysis also highlights the potential importance of vegetation change and SOC pools for carbon sequestration strategies.
Keywords: belowground processes and global change carbon content extrapolation deep soil depth profiles ecosystem allocation plant functional types root distributions soil carbon storage soil gradients soil–climate–vegetation relationships

Fire and vegetation dynamics. Studies from the North American boreal forest - Johnson, E. A. (Cambridge University Press, 1992)

Soil carbon distribution in Alaska in relation to soil-forming factors - Johnson, Kristofer D.; Harden, Jennifer; McGuire, A. David; Bliss, Norman B.; Bockheim, James G.; Clark, Mark; Nettleton-Hollingsworth, Teresa; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Kane, Evan S.; Mack, Michelle; O'Donnell, Jonathan; Ping, Chien-Lu; et al. (Geoderma, 2011)

Postfire seed rain of black spruce, a semiserotinous conifer, in forests of interior Alaska - Johnstone, Jill; Boby, Leslie; Tissier, Emily; Mack, Michelle; Verbyla, Dave; Walker, Xanthe (Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2009)

Fire, climate change, and forest resilience in interior Alaska - Johnstone, Jill F.; Chapin, F. Stuart; Hollingsworth, Teresa N.; Mack, Michelle C.; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Turetsky, Merritt (Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2010)

Modeling impacts of fire severity on successional trajectories and future fire behavior in Alaskan boreal forests - Johnstone, Jill F.; Rupp, T. Scott; Olson, Mark; Verbyla, David (Landscape Ecology, 2011)

Fire behavior, weather, and burn severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk river tundra fire, North Slope, Alaska - Jones, B.; Kolden, C.; Jandt, R.; Abatzoglou, J.; Urban, F.; Arp, C. (Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2009)

Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development - Jones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido; Arp, Christopher D.; Miller, Eric; Liu, Lin; Hayes, Daniel J.; Larsen, Christopher F. (Scientific Reports, 2015)

Rapid Carbon Loss and Slow Recovery Following Permafrost Thaw in Boreal Peatlands - Jones, M. C.; Harden, J.; O'Donnell, J.; Manies, K.; Jorgenson, T.; Treat, C.; Ewing, S. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Keywords: boreal carbon collapse-scar bog peatland permafrost permafrost thaw

Landscape-level ecological mapping of Northern Alaska and field site photography - Jorgenson, M. T. (Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013)

Classification of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea Coast and estimation of carbon and sediment inputs from coastal erosion - Jorgenson, M. T.; Brown, J. (Geo-Marine Letters, 2005)

Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes - Jorgenson, M. Torre; Harden, J W; Kanevskiy, M.; O'Donnell, J A; Wickland, K. P.; Ewing, S. A.; Manies, K. L.; Zhuang, Q.; Shur, Y.; Striegl, R.; Koch, Josh (Environmental Research Letters, 2013)

Abrupt increase in permafrost degradation in Arctic Alaska - Jorgenson, M. Torre; Shur, Yuri L.; Pullman, Erik R. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2006)
Keywords: 0439 Ecosystems, structure and dynamics 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes 0476 Plant ecology 0480 Remote sensing 0486 Soils/pedology

Net regional methane sink in High Arctic soils of northeast Greenland - Juncher Jørgensen, Christian; Lund Johansen, Katrine Maria; Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas; Elberling, Bo (Nature Geoscience, 2015)

Fire, Global Warming, and the Carbon Balance of Boreal Forests - Kasischke, Eric S.; Christensen, N. L.; Stocks, Brian J. (Ecological Applications, 1995)

Variation in postfire organic layer thickness in a black spruce forest complex in interior Alaska and its effects on soil temperature and moisture - Kasischke, E. S.; Johnstone, J. F. (Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2005)

Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American boreal region—Spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska - Kasischke, Eric S.; Turetsky, Merritt R. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2006)
Keywords: 0429 Climate dynamics 0426 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0468 Natural hazards

Recent burning of boreal forests exceeds fire regime limits of the past 10,000 years - Kelly, Ryan; Chipman, Melissa L.; Higuera, Philip E.; Stefanova, Ivanka; Brubaker, Linda B.; Hu, Feng Sheng (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2013)

Predicting long-term carbon mineralization and trace gas production from thawing permafrost of Northeast Siberia - Knoblauch, Christian; Beer, Christian; Sosnin, Alexander; Wagner, Dirk; Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Keywords: carbon dioxide decomposition model Lena River Delta methane organic matter Siberia tundra

Analysis of Permafrost Thermal Dynamics and Response to Climate Change in the CMIP5 Earth System Models - Koven, Charles D.; Riley, William J.; Stern, Alex (Journal of Climate, 2013)

Permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks accelerate global warming - Koven, Charles D.; Ringeval, Bruno; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Ciais, Philippe; Cadule, Patricia; Khvorostyanov, Dmitry; Krinner, Gerhard; Tarnocai, Charles (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2011)

A Simplified, Data-constrained Approach to Estimate the Permafrost Carbon-climate Feedback - Koven, C. D.; Schuur, E. A.; Schadel, C.; Bohn, T. J.; Burke, E. J.; Chen, G.; Chen, X.; Ciais, P.; Grosse, G.; Harden, J. W.; Hayes, D. J.; Hugelius, G.; et al. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2015)
Keywords: Carbon/analysis/*chemistry Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data Computer Simulation Databases, Factual *Ecosystem Environmental Monitoring/*methods Feedback Freezing Models, Chemical *Models, Statistical Permafrost/*chemistry carbon-climate feedbacks climate change methane permafrost

Risk of Natural Disturbances Makes Future Contribution of Canada's Forests To the Global Carbon Cycle Highly Uncertain - Kurz, W. A.; Stinson, G.; Rampley, G. J.; Dymond, C. C.; Neilson, E. T. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2008)
Keywords: Canada Carbon Dioxide/*toxicity *Conservation of Natural Resources *Fires *Greenhouse Effect Models, Theoretical Risk Trees/*growth & development Vehicle Emissions/*prevention & control/toxicity

Thermokarst rates intensify due to climate change and forest fragmentation in an Alaskan boreal forest lowland - Lara, M. J.; Genet, H.; McGuire, A. D.; Euskirchen, E. S.; Zhang, Y.; Brown, D. R.; Jorgenson, M. T.; Romanovsky, V.; Breen, A.; Bolton, W. R. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Keywords: Alaska Betula *Climate Change *Forests *Permafrost Photography Picea Rain Remote Sensing Technology Temperature Wetlands Tanana Flats birch boreal climate change interior Alaska permafrost spruce succession thermokarst

Sensitivity of a model projection of near-surface permafrost degradation to soil column depth and representation of soil organic matter - Lawrence, David M.; Slater, Andrew G.; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Nicolsky, Dmitry J. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2008)

Simulation of Present-Day and Future Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground Conditions in CCSM4 - Lawrence, David M.; Slater, Andrew G.; Swenson, Sean C. (Journal of Climate, 2012)

The rate of permafrost carbon release under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and its potential effects on climate - Lee, Hanna; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Inglett, Kanika S.; Lavoie, Martin; Chanton, Jeffrey P. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Keywords: active layer Alaska carbon isotopes methane radiocarbon relative climate forcing substrate quality yedoma

Effects of excess ground ice on projections of permafrost in a warming climate - Lee, Hanna; Swenson, Sean C.; Slater, Andrew G.; Lawrence, David M. (Environmental Research Letters, 2014)

Pan-Arctic ice-wedge degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology - Liljedahl, Anna K.; Boike, Julia; Daanen, Ronald P.; Fedorov, Alexander N.; Frost, Gerald V.; Grosse, Guido; Hinzman, Larry D.; Iijma, Yoshihiro; Jorgenson, Janet C.; Matveyeva, Nadya; Necsoiu, Marius; Raynolds, Martha K.; et al. (Nature Geoscience, 2016)

Estimating 1992–2000 average active layer thickness on the Alaskan North Slope from remotely sensed surface subsidence - Liu, Lin; Schaefer, Kevin; Zhang, Tingjun; Wahr, John (Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2012)
Keywords: InSAR active layer permafrost remote sensing soil moisture surface subsidence 0702 Permafrost 0704 Seasonally frozen ground 0706 Active layer 0758 Remote sensing 6924 Interferometry

A database and synthesis of northern peatland soil properties and Holocene carbon and nitrogen accumulation - Loisel, Julie; Yu, Zicheng; Beilman, David W; Camill, Philip; Alm, Jukka; Amesbury, Matthew J; Anderson, David; Andersson, Sofia; Bochicchio, Christopher; Barber, Keith; Belyea, Lisa R; Bunbury, Joan; et al. (The Holocene, 2014)
Here, we present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands. Our database consists of 268 peat cores from 215 sites located north of 45°N. It encompasses regions within which peat carbon data have only recently become available, such as the West Siberia Lowlands, the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Kamchatka in Far East Russia, and the Tibetan Plateau. For all northern peatlands, carbon content in organic matter was estimated at 42 ± 3% (standard deviation) for Sphagnum peat, 51 ± 2% for non-Sphagnum peat, and at 49 ± 2% overall. Dry bulk density averaged 0.12 ± 0.07 g/cm3, organic matter bulk density averaged 0.11 ± 0.05 g/cm3, and total carbon content in peat averaged 47 ± 6%. In general, large differences were found between Sphagnum and non-Sphagnum peat types in terms of peat properties. Time-weighted peat carbon accumulation rates averaged 23 ± 2 (standard error of mean) g C/m2/yr during the Holocene on the basis of 151 peat cores from 127 sites, with the highest rates of carbon accumulation (25–28 g C/m2/yr) recorded during the early Holocene when the climate was warmer than the present. Furthermore, we estimate the northern peatland carbon and nitrogen pools at 436 and 10 gigatons, respectively. The database is publicly available at https://peatlands.lehigh.edu.
Keywords: biogeochemical cycles,climate change,data synthesis,long-term ecosystem dynamics,northern peatlands,soil carbon and nitrogen

The decadal plan for LTER--integrative science for society and the environment: a plan for science, education, and cyberinfrastructure in the U.S. Long-Term Ecological Research Network - LTER (U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network Office, 2007)
Keywords: AND ecology

A real evaluation of organic carbon pools in cryic soils of China - Luo, G B; Zhang, G. L.; Gong, Z. T. (Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems, 2000)

Significant contribution to climate warming from the permafrost carbon feedback - MacDougall, Andrew H.; Avis, Christopher A.; Weaver, Andrew J. (Nature Geoscience, 2012)

Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire - Mack, Michelle C.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Hollingsworth, Teresa N.; Jandt, Randi R.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Shaver, Gaius R.; Verbyla, David L. (Nature, 2011)

Is Alaska's Boreal Forest Now Crossing a Major Ecological Threshold? - Mann, Daniel H.; Scott Rupp, T.; Olson, Mark A.; Duffy, Paul A. (Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2012)

Combining satellite lidar, airborne lidar, and ground plots to estimate the amount and distribution of aboveground biomass in the boreal forest of North America - Margolis, Hank A.; Nelson, Ross F.; Montesano, Paul M.; Beaudoin, André; Sun, Guoqing; Andersen, Hans-Erik; Wulder, Michael A. (Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2015)

Large tundra methane burst during onset of freezing - Mastepanov, Mikhail; Sigsgaard, Charlotte; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Houweling, Sander; Strom, Lena; Tamstorf, Mikkel P.; Christensen, Torben R. (Nature, 2008)

Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change - McGuire, A. D.; Anderson, L. G.; Christensen, T. R.; Dallimore, S.; Guo, L. D.; Hayes, D. J.; Heimann, M.; Lorenson, T. D.; Macdonald, R. W.; Roulet, N. (Ecological Monographs, 2009)

An assessment of the carbon balance of Arctic tundra: comparisons among observations, process models, and atmospheric inversions - McGuire, A. D.; Christensen, T. R.; Hayes, D.; Heroult, A.; Euskirchen, E.; Kimball, J. S.; Koven, C.; Lafleur, P.; Miller, P. A.; Oechel, W.; Peylin, P.; Williams, M.; et al. (Biogeosciences, 2012)

Variability in the Sensitivity Among Model Simulations of Permafrost and Carbon Dynamics in the Permafrost Region Between 1960 and 2009 - McGuire, A. David; Koven, Charles; Lawrence, David M.; Clein, Joy S.; Xia, Jiangyang; Beer, Christian; Burke, Eleanor; Chen, Guangsheng; Chen, Xiaodong; Delire, Christine; Jafarov, Elchin; MacDougall, Andrew H.; et al. (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2016)

Dependence of the evolution of carbon dynamics in the northern permafrost region on the trajectory of climate change - McGuire, A. David; Lawrence, David M.; Koven, Charles; Clein, Joy S.; Burke, Eleanor; Chen, Guangsheng; Jafarov, Elchin; MacDougall, Andrew H.; Marchenko, Sergey; Nicolsky, Dmitry; Peng, Shushi; Rinke, Annette; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2018)
We applied regional and global-scale biogeochemical models that coupled thaw depth with soil carbon exposure to evaluate the dependence of the evolution of future carbon storage in the northern permafrost region on the trajectory of climate change. Our analysis indicates that the northern permafrost region could act as a net sink for carbon under more aggressive climate change mitigation pathways. Under less aggressive pathways, the region would likely act as a source of soil carbon to the atmosphere, but substantial net losses would not occur until after 2100. These results suggest that effective mitigation efforts during the remainder of this century could attenuate the negative consequences of the permafrost carbon–climate feedback.We conducted a model-based assessment of changes in permafrost area and carbon storage for simulations driven by RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 projections between 2010 and 2299 for the northern permafrost region. All models simulating carbon represented soil with depth, a critical structural feature needed to represent the permafrost carbon–climate feedback, but that is not a universal feature of all climate models. Between 2010 and 2299, simulations indicated losses of permafrost between 3 and 5 million km2 for the RCP4.5 climate and between 6 and 16 million km2 for the RCP8.5 climate. For the RCP4.5 projection, cumulative change in soil carbon varied between 66-Pg C (1015-g carbon) loss to 70-Pg C gain. For the RCP8.5 projection, losses in soil carbon varied between 74 and 652 Pg C (mean loss, 341 Pg C). For the RCP4.5 projection, gains in vegetation carbon were largely responsible for the overall projected net gains in ecosystem carbon by 2299 (8- to 244-Pg C gains). In contrast, for the RCP8.5 projection, gains in vegetation carbon were not great enough to compensate for the losses of carbon projected by four of the five models; changes in ecosystem carbon ranged from a 641-Pg C loss to a 167-Pg C gain (mean, 208-Pg C loss). The models indicate that substantial net losses of ecosystem carbon would not occur until after 2100. This assessment suggests that effective mitigation efforts during the remainder of this century could attenuate the negative consequences of the permafrost carbon–climate feedback.

Equilibrium responses of global net primary production and carbon storage to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide: Sensitivity to changes in vegetation nitrogen concentration - McGuire, A. David; Melillo, Jerry M.; Kicklighter, David W.; Pan, Yude; Xiao, Xiangming; Helfrich, John; Moore, Berrien; Vorosmarty, Charles J.; Schloss, Annette L. (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1997)
Keywords: 0300 Atmospheric Composition and Structure 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0322 Constituent sources and sinks 0330 Geochemical cycles

Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment - Melillo, Jerry M.; Richmond, Terese C.; Gary W. Yohe (Eds.) (U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2014)

Arctic Permafrost: Dynamics, Risks, Problems and Solutions - Melnikov, V.P.; Drozdov, D.S.; Pendin, V.V (Moscow, XXII International Science-Practical Conference "New Ideas In Earth Science", 2015)

Differences in Ecosystem Carbon Distribution and Nutrient Cycling Linked to Forest Tree Species Composition in a Mid-Successional Boreal Forest - Melvin, April M.; Mack, Michelle C.; Johnstone, Jill F.; David McGuire, A.; Genet, Helene; Schuur, Edward A. G. (Ecosystems, 2015)

A multiyear estimate of methane fluxes in Alaska from CARVE atmospheric observations - Miller, Scot M.; Miller, Charles E.; Commane, Roisin; Chang, Rachel Y. W.; Dinardo, Steven J.; Henderson, John M.; Karion, Anna; Lindaas, Jakob; Melton, Joe R.; Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm; Wofsy, Steven C.; et al. (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2016)
Keywords: methane Alaska wetlands climate change arctic greenhouse gases 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0497 Wetlands 0718 Tundra

Alaskan soil carbon stocks: spatial variability and dependence on environmental factors - Mishra, U.; Riley, W. J. (Biogeosciences, 2012)

Editorial: Organic carbon pools in permafrost regions on the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau - Mu, C.; Zhang, T.; Wu, Q.; Peng, X.; Cao, B.; Zhang, X.; Cao, B.; Cheng, G. (The Cryosphere, 2015)

Daily and 3-hourly variability in global fire emissions and consequences for atmospheric model predictions of carbon monoxide - Mu, M.; Randerson, J. T.; van der Werf, G. R.; Giglio, L.; Kasibhatla, P.; Morton, D.; Collatz, G. J.; DeFries, R. S.; Hyer, E. J.; Prins, E. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Wunch, D.; et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2011)
Keywords: burn severity carbon dioxide (CO2) fire ecology global carbon cycle 0322 Constituent sources and sinks 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 0434 Data sets 1009 Geochemical modeling 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling

Taking stock of circumboreal forest carbon with ground measurements, airborne and spaceborne LiDAR - Neigh, Christopher S. R.; Nelson, Ross F.; Ranson, K. Jon; Margolis, Hank A.; Montesano, Paul M.; Sun, Guoqing; Kharuk, Viacheslav; Næsset, Erik; Wulder, Michael A.; Andersen, Hans-Erik (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013)
Keywords: LiDAR Biomass Carbon Boreal forest

Global climates: Crypsphere, permafrost thermal state - Noetzli, J.; Christiansen, H.H.; Guglielmin, M.; Romanovsky, V E; Shiklomanov, N. I.; Smith, S.L.; Zhao, L. (State of the Climate in 2015, 2016)

Circumpolar Distribution and Carbon Storage of Thermokarst Landscapes - Olefeldt, D.; Goswami, S.; Grosse, G.; Hayes, D.; Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; McGuire, A. D.; Romanovsky, V. E.; Sannel, A. B.; Schuur, E. A.; Turetsky, M. R. (Nature Communications, 2016)

Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones - Olefeldt, David; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Crill, Patrick M.; McGuire, A. David (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Keywords: Methane permafrost sedges static chambers tundra wetlands

Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth - Olson, David M.; Dinerstein, Eric; Wikramanayake, Eric D.; Burgess, Neil D.; Powell, George V. N.; Underwood, Emma C.; D'Amico, Jennifer A.; Itoua, Illanga; Strand, Holly E.; Morrison, John C.; Loucks, Colby J.; Allnutt, Thomas F.; et al. (BioScience, 2001)

Future Arctic climate changes: Adaptation and mitigation time scales - Overland, James E.; Wang, Muyin; Walsh, John E.; Stroeve, Julienne C. (Earth's Future, 2014)
Keywords: Arctic Climate Change Mitigation Sea ice 1621 Cryospheric change 1610 Atmosphere 1626 Global climate models 3349 Polar meteorology

A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests - Pan, Y.; Birdsey, R. A.; Fang, J.; Houghton, R.; Kauppi, P. E.; Kurz, W. A.; Phillips, O. L.; Shvidenko, A.; Lewis, S. L.; Canadell, J. G.; Ciais, P.; Jackson, R. B.; et al. (Science, 2011)
Keywords: Atmosphere Biomass Carbon/analysis Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Carbon Sequestration Climate Change Conservation of Natural Resources *Ecosystem *Trees Tropical Climate

Detecting regional patterns of changing CO2 flux in Alaska - Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Commane, Roisin; Wofsy, Steven C.; Koven, Charles D.; Sweeney, Colm; Lawrence, David M.; Lindaas, Jakob; Chang, Rachel Y.-W.; Miller, Charles E. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2016)

Extending airborne electromagnetic surveys for regional active layer and permafrost mapping with remote sensing and ancillary data, Yukon Flats ecoregion, central Alaska - Pastick, Neal J.; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Wylie, Bruce K.; Minsley, Burke J.; Ji, Lei; Walvoord, Michelle A.; Smith, Bruce D.; Abraham, Jared D.; Rose, Joshua R. (Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2013)

Arctic browning: extreme events and trends reversing Arctic greening - Phoenix, Gareth K.; Bjerke, Jarle W. (Global Change Biology, 2016)

Cryogenesis and soil formation along a bioclimate gradient in Arctic North America - Ping, C. L.; Michaelson, G. J.; Kimble, J. M.; Romanovsky, V. E.; Shur, Y. L.; Swanson, D. K.; Walker, D. A. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2008)

Arctic amplification dominated by temperature feedbacks in contemporary climate models - Pithan, Felix; Mauritsen, Thorsten (Nature Geoscience, 2014)

Soil carbon pools and world life zones - Post, W. M.; Emanuel, W. R.; Zinke, P. J.; Stangenberger, A. G. (Nature, 1982)

Global model estimates of carbon and nitrogen storage in litter and soil pools: response to changes in vegetation quality and biomass allocation - Potter, Christopher S.; Klooster, Steven A. (Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 1997)

Enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake in the Northern High Latitudes in the 21st century from the Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate Model Intercomparison Project model projections - Qian, Haifeng; Joseph, Renu; Zeng, Ning (Global Change Biology, 2010)
Keywords: biomass turnover C4MIP carbon-climate feedback climate change CO2 Northern High Latitudes NPP SOM decomposition terrestrial carbon

Nearshore Arctic subsea permafrost in transition - Rachold, Volker; Bolshiyanov, Dmitry Yu; Grigoriev, Mikhail N.; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang; Junker, Ralf; Kunitsky, Victor V.; Merker, Franziska; Overduin, Paul; Schneider, Waldemar (Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2007)
Keywords: 0702 Permafrost 0772 Distribution 3002 Continental shelf and slope processes

Modern Terrigenous Organic Carbon Input to the Arctic Ocean - Rachold, V.; Eicken, H.; Gordeev, V. V.; Grigoriev, M. N.; Hubberten, H.-W.; Lisitzin, A. P.; Shevchenko, V. P.; Schirrmeister, L. (The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean, 2004)

Coastal erosion vs riverine sediment discharge in the Arctic Shelf seas - Rachold, Volker; Grigoriev, Mikhail N.; Are, Felix E.; Solomon, Steve; Reimnitz, Erk; Kassens, Heidemarie; Antonow, Martin (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2000)

Tundra Fire and Vegetation Change along a Hillslope on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA - Racine, C. H.; Jandt, R.; Meyer, C. P.; Dennis, J (Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2004)

Global burned area and biomass burning emissions from small fires - Randerson, J. T.; Chen, Y.; van der Werf, G. R.; Rogers, B. M.; Morton, D. C. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2012)
Keywords: agricultural management atmospheric CO2 global carbon cycle land use change wildland and prescribed fire 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling 0428 Carbon cycling

The Impact of Boreal Forest Fire on Climate Warming - Randerson, J. T.; Liu, H.; Flanner, M. G.; Chambers, S. D.; Jin, Y.; Hess, P. G.; Pfister, G.; Mack, M. C.; Treseder, K. K.; Welp, L. R.; Chapin, F. S.; Harden, J. W.; et al. (Science, 2006)

A new estimate of tundra-biome phytomass from trans-Arctic field data and AVHRR NDVI - Raynolds, Martha K.; Walker, Donald A.; Epstein, Howard E.; Pinzon, Jorge E.; Tucker, Compton J. (Remote Sensing Letters, 2012)

Large CO2 and CH4 emissions from polygonal tundra during spring thaw in northern Alaska - Raz-Yaseef, Naama; Torn, Margaret S.; Wu, Yuxin; Billesbach, Dave P.; Liljedahl, Anna K.; Kneafsey, Timothy J.; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Cook, David R.; Wullschleger, Stan D. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2016)
Keywords: Arctic tundra carbon fluxes thaw pulse eddy covariance 0426 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions 0428 Carbon cycling 0706 Active layer 4930 Greenhouse gases 9315 Arctic region

Barriers to predicting changes in global terrestrial methane fluxes: analyses using CLM4Me, a methane biogeochemistry model integrated in CESM - Riley, W. J.; Subin, Z. M.; Lawrence, D. M.; Swenson, S. C.; Torn, M. S.; Meng, L.; Mahowald, N. M.; Hess, P. (Biogeosciences, 2011)

The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing - Rocha, Adrian V.; Loranty, Michael M.; Higuera, P.E.; Mack, M C; Hu, F. S.; Jones, B. M.; Breen, A.L.; Rastetter, E.B.; Goetz, S. J.; Shaver, G.R. (Environmental Research Letters, 2012)

Geophysical evidence of shallow nearshore permafrost, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska - Rogers, James C.; Morack, John L. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1980)

Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007–2009: a synthesis - Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Smith, Sharon L.; Christiansen, Hanne H. (Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2010)
Keywords: permafrost ground temperature regime climate change permafrost thaw active layer International Polar Year Arctic regions

The Arctic: Terrestrial permafrost - Romanovsky, V. E.; Smith, S. L.; Isaksen, K.; Shiklomanov, N. I.; Streletskiy, D. A.; Kholodov, A. L.; Christiansen, H.H.; Drozdov, D. S.; Malkova, G. V.; Marchenko, S S (State of the Climate in 2015, 2016)

Climate Scenarios, Land Cover, and Wildland Fire - Rupp, T.S.; Duffy, P.; Leonawicz, M.; Lindgren, M.; Breen, A.; Kurkowski, T.; Floyd, A.; Bennett, A.; Krutikov, L. (Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of Alaska, 2016)

The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates - Ruppel, Carolyn D.; Kessler, John D. (Reviews of Geophysics, 2017)
Keywords: methane hydrate climate global warming greenhouse gas 3004 Gas and hydrate systems 3305 Climate change and variability 4219 Continental shelf and slope processes 4930 Greenhouse gases 9315 Arctic region

Nitrogen availability increases in a tundra ecosystem during five years of experimental permafrost thaw - Salmon, Verity G.; Soucy, Patrick; Mauritz, Marguerite; Celis, Gerardo; Natali, Susan M.; Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Keywords: carbon balance decomposition Eriophorum vaginatum moist acidic tussock tundra linear mixed effect model natural abundance δ15N plant productivity

Estimations of Global Terrestrial Productivity: Converging toward a Single Number? - Saugier, Bernard; Roy, Jacques; Mooney, Harold A. (Terrestrial Global Productivity, 2001)

Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils - Schädel, Christina; Bader, Martin K. F.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Biasi, Christina; Bracho, Rosvel; Capek, Petr; De Baets, Sarah; Diakova, Katerina; Ernakovich, Jessica; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Graham, David E.; Hartley, Iain P.; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2016)

Circumpolar assessment of permafrost C quality and its vulnerability over time using long-term incubation data - Schädel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Bracho, Rosvel; Elberling, Bo; Knoblauch, Christian; Lee, Hanna; Luo, Yiqi; Shaver, Gaius R.; Turetsky, Merritt R. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Keywords: Alaska boreal forest C decomposition climate change Siberia soil organic carbon tundra

The impact of the permafrost carbon feedback on global climate - Schaefer, K.; Lantuit, H.; Romanovsky, V E; Schuur, E A G; Witt, R. (Environmental Research Letters, 2014)

Amount and timing of permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming - Schaefer, Kevin; Zhang, Tingjun; Bruhwiler, Lori; Barrett, Andrew P. (Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2011)

Contribution of permafrost soils to the global carbon budget - Schaphoff, Sibyll; Heyder, Ursula; Ostberg, Sebastian; Gerten, Dieter; Heinke, Jens; Lucht, Wolfgang (Environmental Research Letters, 2013)

Fossil organic matter characteristics in permafrost deposits of the northeast Siberian Arctic - Schirrmeister, Lutz; Grosse, Guido; Wetterich, Sebastian; Overduin, Pier Paul; Strauss, Jens; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang (Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2011)
Keywords: Yedoma carbon pool frozen ground late Quaternary organic carbon content thermokarst 0428 Carbon cycling 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes 0708 Thermokarst 0710 Periglacial processes 0793 Biogeochemistry

Late Quaternary ice-rich permafrost sequences as a paleoenvironmental archive for the Laptev Sea Region in northern Siberia - Schirrmeister, L.; Siegert, C.; Kunitzky, V. V.; Grootes, P. M.; Erlenkeuser, H. (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2002)

Observation-based modelling of permafrost carbon fluxes with accounting for deep carbon deposits and thermokarst activity - Schneider von Deimling, T.; Grosse, G.; Strauss, J.; Schirrmeister, L.; Morgenstern, A.; Schaphoff, S.; Meinshausen, M.; Boike, J. (Biogeosciences, 2015)

Estimating the near-surface permafrost-carbon feedback on global warming - Schneider von Deimling, T.; Meinshausen, M.; Levermann, A.; Huber, V.; Frieler, K.; Lawrence, D. M.; Brovkin, V. (Biogeosciences, 2012)

Climate Change and the Permafrost Carbon Feedback - Schuur, E. A.; McGuire, A. D.; Schadel, C.; Grosse, G.; Harden, J. W.; Hayes, D. J.; Hugelius, G.; Koven, C. D.; Kuhry, P.; Lawrence, D. M.; Natali, S. M.; Olefeldt, D.; et al. (Nature, 2015)
Keywords: Arctic Regions *Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Climate Change Feedback Freezing Methane/analysis Permafrost/*chemistry Seawater/chemistry Uncertainty

The Effect of Permafrost Thaw On Old Carbon Release and Net Carbon Exchange From Tundra - Schuur, E. A.; Vogel, J. G.; Crummer, K. G.; Lee, H.; Sickman, J. O.; Osterkamp, T. E. (Nature, 2009)
Keywords: Alaska Atmosphere/chemistry Carbon/*analysis/metabolism Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism Carbon Radioisotopes *Cold Climate *Ecosystem Feedback *Freezing *Greenhouse Effect Phase Transition Soil/*analysis

Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change - Schuur, E. A. G.; Abbott, B. W.; Bowden, W. B.; Brovkin, V.; Camill, P.; Canadell, J. G.; Chanton, J. P.; Chapin, F. S., III; Christensen, T. R.; Ciais, P.; Crosby, B. T.; Czimczik, C. I.; et al. (Climatic Change, 2013)

Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: Implications for the global carbon cycle - Schuur, E. A. G.; Bockheim, J.; Canadell, J. G.; Euskirchen, E.; Field, C. B.; Goryachkin, S. V.; Hagemann, S.; Kuhry, P.; Lafleur, P. M.; Lee, H.; Mazhitova, G.; Nelson, F. E.; et al. (Bioscience, 2008)

Geochemical and geophysical evidence of methane release over the East Siberian Arctic Shelf - Shakhova, N.; Semiletov, I.; Leifer, I.; Salyuk, A.; Rekant, P.; Kosmach, D. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2010)

Ebullition and storm-induced methane release from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf - Shakhova, Natalia; Semiletov, Igor; Leifer, Ira; Sergienko, Valentin; Salyuk, Anatoly; Kosmach, Denis; Chernykh, Denis; Stubbs, Chris; Nicolsky, Dmitry; Tumskoy, Vladimir; Gustafsson, Orjan (Nature Geoscience, 2014)

Global warming and terrestrial ecosystems: A conceptual framework for analysis - Shaver, G. R.; Canadell, J.; Chapin, F. S.; Gurevitch, J.; Harte, J.; Henry, G.; Ineson, P.; Jonasson, S.; Melillo, J.; Pitelka, L.; Rustad, L. (Bioscience, 2000)

Isotropic thaw subsidence in undisturbed permafrost landscapes - Shiklomanov, Nikolay I.; Streletskiy, Dmitry A.; Little, Jonathon D.; Nelson, Frederick E. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2013)
Keywords: permafrost active layer thaw subsidence climate change Alaska 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes 0706 Active layer 0710 Periglacial processes 0794 Instruments and techniques 0774 Dynamics

Northern Hemisphere component of the global Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program - Shiklomanov, N. I.; Streletskiy, D. A.; Nelson, F.E. (10th International Conference on Permafrost, 2012)

Patterns of permafrost formation and degradation in relation to climate and ecosystems - Shur, Y. L.; Jorgenson, M. T. (Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2007)
Keywords: permafrost climate change permafrost–ecosystem interaction fire thermokarst

Long-term warming restructures Arctic tundra without changing net soil carbon storage - Sistla, Seeta A.; Moore, John C.; Simpson, Rodney T.; Gough, Laura; Shaver, Gaius R.; Schimel, Joshua P. (Nature, 2013)

Diagnosing Present and Future Permafrost from Climate Models - Slater, Andrew G.; Lawrence, David M. (Journal of Climate, 2013)

Thermal state of permafrost in North America: a contribution to the international polar year - Smith, S. L.; Romanovsky, V. E.; Lewkowicz, A. G.; Burn, C. R.; Allard, M.; Clow, G. D.; Yoshikawa, K.; Throop, J. (Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2010)
Keywords: permafrost ground temperature regime climate change permafrost thaw active layer International Polar Year North America

Active-layer characteristics and summer climatic indices, Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada - Smith, Sharon L.; Wolfe, Stephen A.; Riseborough, Daniel W.; Nixon, F. Mark (Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2009)
Keywords: active layer permafrost thaw depth climate variability Mackenzie Valley

Chapter 8. Carbon Burial, Transport, and Emission from Inland Aquatic Ecosystems in Alaska - Stackpoole, S.; Butman, D.; Clow, D.; Verdin, K.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Striegl, R. (Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of Alaska, 2016)

Deep Yedoma permafrost: A synthesis of depositional characteristics and carbon vulnerability - Strauss, Jens; Schirrmeister, Lutz; Grosse, Guido; Fortier, Daniel; Hugelius, Gustaf; Knoblauch, Christian; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Schädel, Christina; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Shmelev, Denis; Ulrich, Mathias; et al. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2017)

The Deep Permafrost Carbon Pool of the Yedoma Region in Siberia and Alaska - Strauss, Jens; Schirrmeister, Lutz; Grosse, Guido; Wetterich, Sebastian; Ulrich, Mathias; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang (Geophysical Research Letters, 2013)
Keywords: carbon cycle Yedoma Thermokarst frozen organic matter arctic climate feedback 0428 Carbon cycling 0702 Permafrost 0708 Thermokarst 0710 Periglacial processes

Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology - Chapin, F. S.; Matson, P. A.; Vitousek, P. M. (Springer-Verlag, 2011)

Whither methane in the IPCC process? - Crill, Patrick M.; Thornton, Brett F. (Nature Climate Change, 2018)

Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems - Dixon, R. K.; Solomon, A. M.; Brown, S.; Houghton, R. A.; Trexier, M. C.; Wisniewski, J. (Science, 1994)
Forest systems cover more than 4.1 x 10(9) hectares of the Earth's land area. Globally, forest vegetation and soils contain about 1146 petagrams of carbon, with approximately 37 percent of this carbon in low-latitude forests, 14 percent in mid-latitudes, and 49 percent at high latitudes. Over two-thirds of the carbon in forest ecosystems is contained in soils and associated peat deposits. In 1990, deforestation in the low latitudes emitted 1.6 +/- 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year, whereas forest area expansion and growth in mid- and high-latitude forest sequestered 0.7 +/- 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year, for a net flux to the atmosphere of 0.9 +/- 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year. Slowing deforestation, combined with an increase in forestation and other management measures to improve forest ecosystem productivity, could conserve or sequester significant quantities of carbon. Future forest carbon cycling trends attributable to losses and regrowth associated with global climate and land-use change are uncertain. Model projections and some results suggest that forests could be carbon sinks or sources in the future.
Dixon, R K Solomon, A M Brown, S Houghton, R A Trexier, M C Wisniewski, J eng 1994/01/14 00:00 Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):185-90. doi: 10.1126/science.263.5144.185.

Strong geologic methane emissions from discontinuous terrestrial permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada - Kohnert, K.; Serafimovich, A.; Metzger, S.; Hartmann, J.; Sachs, T. (Science Report, 2017)
Arctic permafrost caps vast amounts of old, geologic methane (CH4) in subsurface reservoirs. Thawing permafrost opens pathways for this CH4 to migrate to the surface. However, the occurrence of geologic emissions and their contribution to the CH4 budget in addition to recent, biogenic CH4 is uncertain. Here we present a high-resolution (100 m x 100 m) regional (10,000 km(2)) CH4 flux map of the Mackenzie Delta, Canada, based on airborne CH4 flux data from July 2012 and 2013. We identify strong, likely geologic emissions solely where the permafrost is discontinuous. These peaks are 13 times larger than typical biogenic emissions. Whereas microbial CH4 production largely depends on recent air and soil temperature, geologic CH4 was produced over millions of years and can be released year-round provided open pathways exist. Therefore, even though they only occur on about 1% of the area, geologic hotspots contribute 17% to the annual CH4 emission estimate of our study area. We suggest that this share may increase if ongoing permafrost thaw opens new pathways. We conclude that, due to permafrost thaw, hydrocarbon-rich areas, prevalent in the Arctic, may see increased emission of geologic CH4 in the future, in addition to enhanced microbial CH4 production.
Kohnert, Katrin Serafimovich, Andrei Metzger, Stefan Hartmann, Jorg Sachs, Torsten eng England 2017/07/21 06:00 Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 19;7(1):5828. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05783-2.

Climate-driven thaw of permafrost preserved glacial landscapes, northwestern Canada - Kokelj, Steven V.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Tunnicliffe, Jon; Segal, Rebecca; Lacelle, Denis (Geology, 2017)

Projecting the release of carbon from permafrost soils using a perturbed parameter ensemble modelling approach - MacDougall, Andrew H.; Knutti, Reto (Biogeosciences, 2016)

Impact of climate change on natural terrestrial systems - Malkova, G. D.; Leibman, M. O.; Drozdov, D. S.; Khomutova, V. I.; Guuubarkov, A. A.; Sherstyukov, A. B. (The Second Assessment Report of Roshydromet on Climate Change and Their Consequences on the Territory of the Russian Federation, 2014)