Rising Concentrations of Atmospheric CO2 Have Increased Growth in Natural Stands of quaking Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) - Cole, Christopher T.; Anderson, Jon E.; Lindroth, Richard L.; Waller, Donald M. (Global Change Biology, 2009)

Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility - Collins, Matthew; Knutti, Reto; coauthors (Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013)

An Integrated Assessment Model for Helping the United States Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Fishery Plan Ahead for Ocean Acidification and Warming - Cooley, S. R.; Rheuban, J. E.; Hart, D. R.; Luu, V.; Glover, D. M.; Hare, J. A.; Doney, S. C. (PLoS One, 2015)
Ocean acidification, the progressive change in ocean chemistry caused by uptake of atmospheric CO2, is likely to affect some marine resources negatively, including shellfish. The Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) supports one of the most economically important single-species commercial fisheries in the United States. Careful management appears to be the most powerful short-term factor affecting scallop populations, but in the coming decades scallops will be increasingly influenced by global environmental changes such as ocean warming and ocean acidification. In this paper, we describe an integrated assessment model (IAM) that numerically simulates oceanographic, population dynamic, and socioeconomic relationships for the U.S. commercial sea scallop fishery. Our primary goal is to enrich resource management deliberations by offering both short- and long-term insight into the system and generating detailed policy-relevant information about the relative effects of ocean acidification, temperature rise, fishing pressure, and socioeconomic factors on the fishery using a simplified model system. Starting with relationships and data used now for sea scallop fishery management, the model adds socioeconomic decision making based on static economic theory and includes ocean biogeochemical change resulting from CO2 emissions. The model skillfully reproduces scallop population dynamics, market dynamics, and seawater carbonate chemistry since 2000. It indicates sea scallop harvests could decline substantially by 2050 under RCP 8.5 CO2 emissions and current harvest rules, assuming that ocean acidification affects P. magellanicus by decreasing recruitment and slowing growth, and that ocean warming increases growth. Future work will explore different economic and management scenarios and test how potential impacts of ocean acidification on other scallop biological parameters may influence the social-ecological system. Future empirical work on the effect of ocean acidification on sea scallops is also needed.
Cooley, Sarah R Rheuban, Jennie E Hart, Deborah R Luu, Victoria Glover, David M Hare, Jonathan A Doney, Scott C eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2015/05/07 06:00 PLoS One. 2015 May 6;10(5):e0124145. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124145. eCollection 2015.
Keywords: Animals *Disaster Planning Ecosystem *Fisheries *Global Warming Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Models, Biological Models, Economic Oceanography *Oceans and Seas *Pectinidae Population Dynamics United States Water Pollution, Chemical

Species-specific Tree Growth Responses To 9 Years of CO2 Enrichment At the Alpine Treeline - Dawes, Melissa A.; Hättenschwiler, Stephan; Bebi, Peter; Hagedorn, Frank; Handa, Ira Tanya; Körner, Christian; Rixen, Christian (Journal of Ecology, 2011)

Rapid Cenozoic Glaciation of Antarctica Induced By Declining Atmospheric CO2 - DeConto, R. M.; Pollard, D. (Nature, 2003)

Contrasting Responses of Forest Ecosystems To Rising Atmospheric CO2: Implications For the global C cycle - DeLucia, E. H.; Moore, D. J.; Norby, R. J. (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2005)

Climate Change: Resetting Plant-insect Interactions - DeLucia, E. H.; Nabity, P. D.; Zavala, J. A.; Berenbaum, M. R. (Plant Physiology, 2012)
Keywords: Animals *Climate Change Herbivory/physiology Host-Parasite Interactions Insects/*physiology Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism *Plant Physiological Phenomena Plants/immunology

Effects of Elevated CO2 and O3 On Leaf Damage and Insect Abundance in a Soybean Agroecosystem - Dermody, Orla; O’Neill, Bridget F.; Zangerl, Arthur R.; Berenbaum, May R.; DeLucia, Evan H. (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2008)

Regional Disparities in the Beneficial Effects of Rising CO2 Concentrations On Crop Water productivity - Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua; Folberth, Christian; Müller, Christoph; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Boote, Kenneth J.; Conway, Declan; Ruane, Alex C.; Gerten, Dieter; Jones, James W.; Khabarov, Nikolay; Olin, Stefan; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2016)

Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences For Marine Ecosystems - Diaz, R. J.; Rosenberg, R. (Science, 2008)
Keywords: Anaerobiosis Animals Biomass Climate *Ecosystem *Eutrophication *Fishes *Marine Biology *Oxygen Seasons *Seawater/chemistry

Simple Additive Effects Are Rare: a Quantitative Review of Plant Biomass and Soil Process Responses to Combined Manipulations of CO2 and Temperature - Dieleman, W. I.; Vicca, S.; Dijkstra, F. A.; Hagedorn, F.; Hovenden, M. J.; Larsen, K. S.; Morgan, J. A.; Volder, A.; Beier, C.; Dukes, J. S.; King, J.; Leuzinger, S.; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Keywords: C sequestration [ CO2 ] enrichment biomass elevated temperature manipulation experiments multifactor experiments nitrogen availability soil respiration

Odor Tracking in Sharks Is Reduced Under Future Ocean Acidification Conditions - Dixson, D. L.; Jennings, A. R.; Atema, J.; Munday, P. L. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Keywords: Animals Carbon Dioxide/*analysis *Climate Change Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Odorants/analysis *Olfactory Perception Seawater/*chemistry Sharks/*physiology Mustelus canis behavior climate change dogfish ocean acidification olfaction

Ocean acidification disrupts the innate ability of fish to detect predator olfactory cues - Dixson, D. L.; Munday, P. L.; Jones, G. P. (Ecology Letters, 2010)
While ocean acidification is predicted to threaten marine biodiversity, the processes that directly impact species persistence are not well understood. For marine species, early life history stages are inherently vulnerable to predators and an innate ability to detect predators can be critical for survival. However, whether or not acidification inhibits predator detection is unknown. Here, we show that newly hatched larvae of the marine fish Amphiprion percula innately detect predators using olfactory cues and this ability is retained through to settlement. Aquarium-reared larvae, not previously exposed to predators, were able to distinguish between the olfactory cues of predatory and non-predatory species. However, when eggs and larvae were exposed to seawater simulating ocean acidification (pH 7.8 and 1000 p.p.m. CO2) settlement-stage larvae became strongly attracted to the smell of predators and the ability to discriminate between predators and non-predators was lost. Newly hatched larvae were unaffected by CO2 exposure and were still able to distinguish between predatory and non-predatory fish. If this impairment of olfactory preferences in settlement-stage larvae translates to higher mortality as a result of increased predation risk, there could be direct consequences for the replenishment and the sustainability of marine populations.
Dixson, Danielle L Munday, Philip L Jones, Geoffrey P eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2009/11/18 06:00 Ecol Lett. 2010 Jan;13(1):68-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01400.x. Epub 2009 Nov 16.
Keywords: Acids/*toxicity Animals Biodiversity Cues Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Larva/drug effects/physiology Oceans and Seas Olfactory Perception/*drug effects Perciformes/*physiology *Predatory Behavior

The Growing Human Footprint On Coastal and Open-ocean Biogeochemistry - Doney, S. C. (Science, 2010)
Keywords: Animals Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide/analysis Climate Change *Ecosystem Fossil Fuels *Human Activities Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Industrial Waste/analysis Mercury/analysis Nitrogen/analysis Oceans and Seas Oxygen/analysis Photosynthesis *Seawater/chemistry/microbiology Water Pollutants/analysis

Historical and Future Trends in Ocean Climate and Biogeochemistry - Doney, S. C.; Bopp, L.; Long, M. C. (Oceanography, 2014)
Keywords: california current system marine ecosystems global change acidification 21st-century temperature productivity dynamics pacific heat

Carbon and Climate System Coupling On Timescales From the Precambrian to the Anthropocene - Doney, Scott C.; Schimel, David S. (Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2007)

Physical and Biogeochemical Modulation of Ocean Acidification in the Central North Pacific - Dore, J. E.; Lukas, R.; Sadler, D. W.; Church, M. J.; Karl, D. M. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2009)
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry/metabolism Carbonic Acid/*chemistry Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/trends Ecosystem Hawaii Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Marine Biology Pacific Ocean Seawater/*chemistry Temperature Time Factors

Increases in the Flux of Carbon Belowground Stimulate Nitrogen Uptake and Sustain the Long-term Enhancement of Forest Productivity Under Elevated CO2 - Drake, J. E.; Gallet-Budynek, A.; Hofmockel, K. S.; Bernhardt, E. S.; Billings, S. A.; Jackson, R. B.; Johnsen, K. S.; Lichter, J.; McCarthy, H. R.; McCormack, M. L.; Moore, D. J.; Oren, R.; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2011)
Keywords: Biomass Carbon/*metabolism Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism Climate Ecosystem Nitrogen/*metabolism Nitrogen Cycle North Carolina Plant Roots Soil Microbiology Trees/*growth & development

Elevated CO2 does not ameliorate the negative effects of elevated temperature on drought-induced mortality in Eucalyptus radiata seedlings - Duan, H. L.; Duursma, R. A.; Huang, G. M.; Smith, R. A.; Choat, B.; O'Grady, A. P.; Tissue, D. T. (Plant Cell and Environment, 2014)
It has been reported that elevated temperature accelerates the time-to-mortality in plants exposed to prolonged drought, while elevated [CO2] acts as a mitigating factor because it can reduce stomatal conductance and thereby reduce water loss. We examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and temperature on the inter-dependent carbon and hydraulic characteristics associated with drought-induced mortality in Eucalyptus radiata seedlings grown in two [CO2] (400 and 640 mu L L-1) and two temperature (ambient and ambient +4 degrees C) treatments. Seedlings were exposed to two controlled drying and rewatering cycles, and then water was withheld until plants died. The extent of xylem cavitation was assessed as loss of stem hydraulic conductivity. Elevated temperature triggered more rapid mortality than ambient temperature through hydraulic failure, and was associated with larger water use, increased drought sensitivities of gas exchange traits and earlier occurrence of xylem cavitation. Elevated [CO2] had a negligible effect on seedling response to drought, and did not ameliorate the negative effects of elevated temperature on drought. Our findings suggest that elevated temperature and consequent higher vapour pressure deficit, but not elevated [CO2], may be the primary contributors to drought-induced seedling mortality under future climates.
Aj3cx Times Cited:36 Cited References Count:62
Keywords: carbohydrates drought elevated temperature eucalyptus hydraulic failure rising [CO2] induced tree mortality future atmospheric CO2 vapor-pressure deficit stomatal conductance hydraulic failure climate-change water-stress rising CO2 die-off extreme drought

Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH - Duarte, Carlos M.; Hendriks, Iris E.; Moore, Tommy S.; Olsen, Ylva S.; Steckbauer, Alexandra; Ramajo, Laura; Carstensen, Jacob; Trotter, Julie A.; McCulloch, Malcolm (Estuaries and Coasts, 2013)

What Meta-analysis Can Tell Us About Vulnerability of Marine Biodiversity To Ocean Acidification? - Dupont, S.; Dorey, N.; Thorndyke, M. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2010)

First Evidence of Altered Sensory Quality in a Shellfish Exposed to decreased pH Relevant To Ocean Acidification - Dupont, Sam; Hall, Emilie; Calosi, Piero; Lundve, Bengt (Journal of Shellfish Research, 2014)

Impact of Ocean Acidification On the Structure of Future Phytoplankton Communities - Dutkiewicz, Stephanie; Morris, J. Jeffrey; Follows, Michael J.; Scott, Jeffery; Levitan, Orly; Dyhrman, Sonya T.; Berman-Frank, Ilana (Nature Climate Change, 2015)

Detecting Long-term Metabolic Shifts Using Isotopomers: CO2-driven Suppression of Photorespiration in C3 plants Over the 20th Century - Ehlers, I.; Augusti, A.; Betson, T. R.; Nilsson, M. B.; Marshall, J. D.; Schleucher, J. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2015)
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism Carbon Isotopes Deuterium *Photosynthesis Plants/*metabolism CO2 fertilization acclimation atmospheric change isotopomer

Long-term CO2 Production Following Permafrost Thaw - Elberling, Bo; Michelsen, Anders; Schädel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Christiansen, Hanne H.; Berg, Louise; Tamstorf, Mikkel P.; Sigsgaard, Charlotte (Nature Climate Change, 2013)

The Plant Phenology Monitoring Design For the National Ecological Observatory Network - Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Jones, Katherine D.; Cook, Benjamin I.; Diez, Jeffrey M.; Enquist, Carolyn A. F.; Hufft, Rebecca A.; Jones, Matthew O.; Mazer, Susan J.; Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.; Moore, David J. P.; Schwartz, Mark D.; Weltzin, Jake F.; et al. (Ecosphere, 2016)

Bias in the Attribution of Forest Carbon Sinks - Erb, Karl-Heinz; Kastner, Thomas; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan; Houghton, Richard A.; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Olofsson, Pontus; Haberl, Helmut (Nature Climate Change, 2013)

Losers and Winners in Coral Reefs Acclimatized To Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations - Fabricius, Katharina E.; Langdon, Chris; Uthicke, Sven; Humphrey, Craig; Noonan, Sam; De’ath, Glenn; Okazaki, Remy; Muehllehner, Nancy; Glas, Martin S.; Lough, Janice M. (Nature Climate Change, 2011)

A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species - Farquhar, G. D.; von Caemmerer, S.; Berry, J. A. (Planta, 1980)

Assessing the Effects of Ocean Acidification in the Northeast U.S. Using an End-to-end Marine Ecosystem Model - Fay, Gavin; Link, Jason S.; Hare, Jonathan A. (Ecological Modelling, 2017)

Ocean Acidification: Present Conditions and Future Changes in a High-CO2 World - Feely, Richard; Doney, Scott; Cooley, Sarah (Oceanography, 2009)

Chemical and Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification Along the West Coast of North America - Feely, Richard A.; Alin, Simone R.; Carter, Brendan; Bednaršek, Nina; Hales, Burke; Chan, Francis; Hill, Tessa M.; Gaylord, Brian; Sanford, Eric; Byrne, Robert H.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Greeley, Dana; et al. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2016)

Evidence For Upwelling of Corrosive "acidified" Water Onto the Continental Shelf - Feely, R. A.; Sabine, C. L.; Hernandez-Ayon, J. M.; Ianson, D.; Hales, B. (Science, 2008)

Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 On the CaCO3 System in the Oceans - Feely, R. A.; Sabine, C. L.; Lee, K.; Berelson, W.; Kleypas, J.; Fabry, V. J.; Millero, F. J. (Science, 2004)
Keywords: Animals Anthozoa/physiology Atmosphere Calcification, Physiologic Calcium Carbonate/*analysis/chemistry/metabolism *Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism Chlorophyta/physiology Ecosystem Geologic Sediments/chemistry Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Industry Invertebrates/*physiology Oceans and Seas Plankton/*physiology Seawater/*chemistry Solubility

The Effectiveness of Coral Reefs For Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction and Adaptation - Ferrario, F.; Beck, M. W.; Storlazzi, C. D.; Micheli, F.; Shepard, C. C.; Airoldi, L. (Nature Communicatons, 2014)
Keywords: Animals *Coral Reefs Disasters/*prevention & control *Floods Humans *Hydrodynamics *Oceans and Seas

Historic and projected changes in vapor pressure deficit suggest a continental-scale drying of the United States atmosphere - Ficklin, Darren L.; Novick, Kimberly A. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2017)

The Imprint of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions On Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Otoliths - Fraile, Igaratza; Arrizabalaga, Haritz; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Kölling, Martin; Santos, Miguel Neves; Macías, David; Addis, Piero; Dettman, David L.; Karakulak, Saadet; Deguara, Simeon; Rooker, Jay R. (Journal of Marine Systems, 2016)

Climate–Carbon Cycle Feedback Analysis: Results from the C4MIP Model Intercomparison - Friedlingstein, P.; Cox, P.; Betts, R.; Bopp, L.; von Bloh, W.; Brovkin, V.; Cadule, P.; Doney, S.; Eby, M.; Fung, I.; Bala, G.; John, J.; et al. (Journal of Climate, 2006)

Detecting Regional Anthropogenic Trends in Ocean Acidification Against Natural Variability - Friedrich, T.; Timmermann, A.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Bates, N. R.; Chikamoto, M. O.; Church, M. J.; Dore, J. E.; Gledhill, D. K.; Gonzalez-Davila, M.; Heinemann, M.; Ilyina, T.; Jungclaus, J. H.; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2012)
Keywords: atmospheric CO2 reduced calcification coral-reefs pacific climate growth

Ocean Acidification Has Lethal and Sub-lethal Effects On Larval Development of Yellowfin Tuna, Thunnus Albacares - Frommel, Andrea Y.; Margulies, Daniel; Wexler, Jeanne B.; Stein, Maria S.; Scholey, Vernon P.; Williamson, Jane E.; Bromhead, Don; Nicol, Simon; Havenhand, Jon (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2016)

Global Change and the Future of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Ocean - Fu, F. X.; Tatters, A. O.; Hutchins, D. A. (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2012)

Effects of Increased Temperature and CO2 On Photosynthesis, Growth, and Elemental Ratios in Marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus (Cyanobacteria) - Fu, Fei-Xue; Warner, Mark E.; Zhang, Yaohong; Feng, Yuanyuan; Hutchins, David A. (Journal of Phycology, 2007)

Biogeochemical Cycles - Galloway, J. N.; Schlesinger, W. H.; Clark, C. M.; Grimm, N. B.; Jackson, R. B.; Law, B. E.; Thornton, P. E.; Townsend, A. R.; Martin, R. (Climate Change Impacts in the United States: the third National Climate Assessment, 2014)

Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios - Gattuso, J. P.; Magnan, A.; Billé, R.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Howes, E. L.; Joos, F.; Allemand, D.; Bopp, L.; Cooley, S. R.; Eakin, C. M.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Kelly, R. P.; et al. (Science, 2015)
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions directly affect atmospheric chemistry but also have a strong influence on the oceans. Gattuso et al. review how the physics, chemistry, and ecology of the oceans might be affected based on two CO2 emission trajectories: one business as usual and one with aggressive reductions. Ocean warming, acidification, sea-level rise, and the expansion of oxygen minimum zones will continue to have distinct impacts on marine communities and ecosystems. The path that humanity takes regarding CO2 emissions will largely determine the severity of these phenomena.Science, this issue 10.1126/science.aac4722BACKGROUNDAlthough the ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change, this has great impacts on its fundamental physics and chemistry, with important consequences for ecosystems and people. Yet, despite the ocean’s critical role in regulating climate—and providing food security and livelihoods for millions of people—international climate negotiations have only minimally considered impacts on the ocean. Here, we evaluate changes to the ocean and its ecosystems, as well as to the goods and services they provide, under two contrasting CO2 scenarios: the current high-emissions trajectory (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, RCP8.5) and a stringent emissions scenario (RCP2.6) consistent with the Copenhagen Accord of keeping mean global temperature increase below 2°C in the 21st century. To do this, we draw on the consensus science in the latest assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and papers published since the assessment.ADVANCESWarming and acidification of surface ocean waters will increase proportionately with cumulative CO2 emissions (see figure). Warm-water corals have already been affected, as have mid-latitude seagrass, high-latitude pteropods and krill, mid-latitude bivalves, and fin fishes. Even under the stringent emissions scenario (RCP2.6), warm-water corals and mid-latitude bivalves will be at high risk by 2100. Under our current rate of emissions, most marine organisms evaluated will have very high risk of impacts by 2100 and many by 2050. These results—derived from experiments, field observations, and modeling—are consistent with evidence from high-CO2 periods in the paleorecord.Impacts to the ocean’s ecosystem services follow a parallel trajectory. Services such as coastal protection and capture fisheries are already affected by ocean warming and acidification. The risks of impacts to these services increase with continued emissions: They are predicted to remain moderate for the next 85 years for most services under stringent emission reductions, but the business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5) would put all ecosystem services we considered at high or very high risk over the same time frame. These impacts will be cumulative or synergistic with other human impacts, such as overexploitation of living resources, habitat destruction, and pollution. Fin fisheries at low latitudes, which are a key source of protein and income for millions of people, will be at high risk.OUTLOOKFour key messages emerge. First, the ocean strongly influences the climate system and provides important services to humans. Second, impacts on key marine and coastal organisms, ecosystems, and services are already detectable, and several will face high risk of impacts well before 2100, even under the low-emissions scenario (RCP2.6). These impacts will occur across all latitudes, making this a global concern beyond the north/south divide. Third, immediate and substantial reduction of CO2 emissions is required to prevent the massive and mostly irreversible impacts on ocean ecosystems and their services that are projected with emissions greater than those in RCP2.6. Limiting emissions to this level is necessary to meet stated objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; a substantially different ocean would result from any less-stringent emissions scenario. Fourth, as atmospheric CO2 increases, protection, adaptation, and repair options for the ocean become fewer and less effective.The ocean provides compelling arguments for rapid reductions in CO2 emissions and eventually atmospheric CO2 drawdown. Hence, any new global climate agreement that does not minimize the impacts on the ocean will be inadequate.Changes in ocean physics and chemistry and impacts on organisms and ecosystem services according to stringent (RCP2.6) and high business-as-usual (RCP8.5) CO2 emissions scenarios.Changes in temperature (∆T) and pH (∆pH) in 2090 to 2099 are relative to preindustrial (1870 to 1899). Sea level rise (SLR) in 2100 is relative to 1901. RCP2.6 is much more favorable to the ocean, although important ecosystems, goods, and services remain vulnerable, and allows more-efficient management options. l, m, h: low, mid-, and high latitudes, respectively.The ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change at the cost of profound alterations of its physics, chemistry, ecology, and services. Here, we evaluate and compare the risks of impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems—and the goods and services they provide—for growing cumulative carbon emissions under two contrasting emissions scenarios. The current emissions trajectory would rapidly and significantly alter many ecosystems and the associated services on which humans heavily depend. A reduced emissions scenario—consistent with the Copenhagen Accord’s goal of a global temperature increase of less than 2°C—is much more favorable to the ocean but still substantially alters important marine ecosystems and associated goods and services. The management options to address ocean impacts narrow as the ocean warms and acidifies. Consequently, any new climate regime that fails to minimize ocean impacts would be incomplete and inadequate.

(untitled) - Global Change Research Act (1990)

Intensifying Drought Eliminates the Expected Benefits of Elevated Carbon Dioxide For Soybean - Gray, S. B.; Dermody, O.; Klein, S. P.; Locke, A. M.; McGrath, J. M.; Paul, R. E.; Rosenthal, D. M.; Ruiz-Vera, U. M.; Siebers, M. H.; Strellner, R.; Ainsworth, E. A.; Bernacchi, C. J.; et al. (Nature Plants, 2016)

Volcanic Carbon Dioxide Vents Show Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification - Hall-Spencer, J. M.; Rodolfo-Metalpa, R.; Martin, S.; Ransome, E.; Fine, M.; Turner, S. M.; Rowley, S. J.; Tedesco, D.; Buia, M. C. (Nature, 2008)
Keywords: Acids/analysis/chemistry Alismatidae/physiology Animals Atlantic Ocean Calcium Carbonate/analysis *Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology *Ecosystem Eukaryota/physiology Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Invertebrates/physiology Italy Population Density Seawater/*chemistry *Volcanic Eruptions

CO2-induced Ocean Acidification Increases Anxiety in Rockfish Via Alteration of GABAA Receptor Functioning - Hamilton, T. J.; Holcombe, A.; Tresguerres, M. (Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2014)
Keywords: Animals Anxiety/chemically induced Behavior, Animal/*drug effects Carbon Dioxide/*analysis Environmental Exposure Fish Proteins/*physiology GABA Antagonists/pharmacology GABA-A Receptor Agonists/pharmacology Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Muscimol/pharmacology Oceans and Seas Perciformes/metabolism/*physiology Pyridazines/pharmacology Receptors, GABA-A/*physiology Seawater/*chemistry Sebastes gabazine muscimol upwelling

Meta-analysis Reveals Complex Marine Biological Responses To the Interactive Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming - Harvey, B. P.; Gwynn-Jones, D.; Moore, P. J. (Ecology and Evolution, 2013)
Keywords: Climate change meta-analysis multiple stressors ocean acidification ocean warming synergistic interactions

Freshwater biota and rising pCO2? - Hasler, C. T.; Butman, D.; Jeffrey, J. D.; Suski, C. D. (Ecology Letters, 2015)
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has caused a suite of environmental issues, however, little is known about how the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in freshwater will be affected by climate change. Freshwater pCO2 varies across systems and is controlled by a diverse array of factors, making it difficult to make predictions about future levels of pCO2. Recent evidence suggests that increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may directly increase freshwater pCO2 levels in lakes, but rising atmospheric CO2 may also indirectly impact freshwater pCO2 levels in a variety of systems by affecting other contributing factors such as soil respiration, terrestrial productivity and climate regimes. Although future freshwater pCO2 levels remain uncertain, studies have considered the potential impacts of changes to pCO2 levels on freshwater biota. Studies to date have focused on impacts of elevated pCO2 on plankton and macrophytes, and have shown that phytoplankton nutritional quality is reduced, plankton community structure is altered, photosynthesis rates increase and macrophyte distribution shifts with increasing pCO2. However, a number of key knowledge gaps remain and gaining a better understanding of how freshwater pCO2 levels are regulated and how these levels may impact biota, will be important for predicting future responses to climate change.
Hasler, Caleb T Butman, David Jeffrey, Jennifer D Suski, Cory D eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review England 2015/11/28 06:00 Ecol Lett. 2016 Jan;19(1):98-108. doi: 10.1111/ele.12549. Epub 2015 Nov 27.
Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/*physiology Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry *Climate Change Fresh Water/*chemistry Partial Pressure Acidification climate change freshwater ecology

Ocean Acidification: Separating Evidence From Judgment – a Reply To Dupont Et Al - Hendriks, I. E.; Duarte, C. M. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2010)

Vulnerability of Marine Biodiversity To Ocean Acidification: a Meta-analysis - Hendriks, I. E.; Duarte, C. M.; Álvarez, M. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2010)

Photosynthetic Activity Buffers Ocean Acidification in Seagrass Meadows - Hendriks, I. E.; Olsen, Y. S.; Ramajo, L.; Basso, L.; Steckbauer, A.; Moore, T. S.; Howard, J.; Duarte, C. M. (Biogeosciences, 2014)

CO2 Fertilization in Temperate FACE Experiments Not Representative of Boreal and Tropical Forests - Hickler, Thomas; Smith, Benjamin; Prentice, I. Colin; MjÖFors, Kristina; Miller, Paul; Arneth, Almut; Sykes, Martin T. (Global Change Biology, 2008)

A Stable Isotopic Investigation Into the Causes of Decline in a Sub-Antarctic Predator, the Rockhopper Penguin Eudyptes chrysocome - Hilton, Geoff M.; Thompson, David R.; Sagar, Paul M.; Cuthbert, Richard J.; Cherel, Yves; Bury, Sarah J. (Global Change Biology, 2006)

Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture For Food Security and Nutrition (A Report By the High Level Panel of Experts On Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee On World Food Security) - HLPE (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 2014)

Changes in Peat Chemistry Associated With Permafrost Thaw Increase Greenhouse Gas Production - Hodgkins, S. B.; Tfaily, M. M.; McCalley, C. K.; Logan, T. A.; Crill, P. M.; Saleska, S. R.; Rich, V. I.; Chanton, J. P. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2014)

Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification - Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Mumby, P. J.; Hooten, A. J.; Steneck, R. S.; Greenfield, P.; Gomez, E.; Harvell, C. D.; Sale, P. F.; Edwards, A. J.; Caldeira, K.; Knowlton, N.; Eakin, C. M.; et al. (Science, 2007)
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2 degrees C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs increasingly toward the tipping point for functional collapse. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef-associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people. As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled-up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral-dominated ecosystems is to be avoided.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O Mumby, P J Hooten, A J Steneck, R S Greenfield, P Gomez, E Harvell, C D Sale, P F Edwards, A J Caldeira, K Knowlton, N Eakin, C M Iglesias-Prieto, R Muthiga, N Bradbury, R H Dubi, A Hatziolos, M E eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review 2007/12/15 09:00 Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1737-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1152509.
Keywords: Animals *Anthozoa/growth & development/physiology Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide *Climate Dinoflagellida/physiology *Ecosystem Eukaryota/physiology Fishes Forecasting *Greenhouse Effect Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Oceans and Seas Seawater/*chemistry Temperature

The Effect of Ocean Acidification On Calcifying Organisms in Marine Ecosystems: an Organism-to-Ecosystem Perspective - Hofmann, Gretchen E.; Barry, James P.; Edmunds, Peter J.; Gates, Ruth D.; Hutchins, David A.; Klinger, Terrie; Sewell, Mary A. (Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2010)

Temperature Dependence of CO2-enhanced Primary Production in the European Arctic Ocean - Holding, J. M.; Duarte, C. M.; Sanz-Martín, M.; Mesa, E.; Arrieta, J. M.; Chierici, M.; Hendriks, I. E; García-Corral, L. S.; Regaudie-de-Gioux, A.; Delgado, A.; Reigstad, M.; Wassmann, P.; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2015)

The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification - Hönisch, Bärbel; Ridgwell, Andy; Schmidt, Daniela N.; Thomas, Ellen; Gibbs, Samantha J.; Sluijs, Appy; Zeebe, Richard; Kump, Lee; Martindale, Rowan C.; Greene, Sarah E.; Kiessling, Wolfgang; Ries, Justin; et al. (Science, 2012)

Free Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Increased Respiration and Humification in the Mineral Soil of a Poplar Plantation - Hoosbeek, Marcel R.; Vos, Judith M.; Meinders, Marcel B. J.; Velthorst, Eef J.; Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E. (Geoderma, 2007)

Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene - Hughes, T. P.; Anderson, K. D.; Connolly, S. R.; Heron, S. F.; Kerry, J. T.; Lough, J. M.; Baird, A. H.; Baum, J. K.; Berumen, M. L.; Bridge, T. C.; Claar, D. C.; Eakin, C. M.; et al. (Science, 2018)
Tropical reef systems are transitioning to a new era in which the interval between recurrent bouts of coral bleaching is too short for a full recovery of mature assemblages. We analyzed bleaching records at 100 globally distributed reef locations from 1980 to 2016. The median return time between pairs of severe bleaching events has diminished steadily since 1980 and is now only 6 years. As global warming has progressed, tropical sea surface temperatures are warmer now during current La Nina conditions than they were during El Nino events three decades ago. Consequently, as we transition to the Anthropocene, coral bleaching is occurring more frequently in all El Nino-Southern Oscillation phases, increasing the likelihood of annual bleaching in the coming decades.
Hughes, Terry P Anderson, Kristen D Connolly, Sean R Heron, Scott F Kerry, James T Lough, Janice M Baird, Andrew H Baum, Julia K Berumen, Michael L Bridge, Tom C Claar, Danielle C Eakin, C Mark Gilmour, James P Graham, Nicholas A J Harrison, Hugo Hobbs, Jean-Paul A Hoey, Andrew S Hoogenboom, Mia Lowe, Ryan J McCulloch, Malcolm T Pandolfi, John M Pratchett, Morgan Schoepf, Verena Torda, Gergely Wilson, Shaun K eng 2018/01/06 06:00 Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):80-83. doi: 10.1126/science.aan8048.
Keywords: Animals *Anthozoa *Coral Reefs *El Nino-Southern Oscillation *Global Warming Seawater

Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals - Hughes, T. P.; Kerry, J. T.; Alvarez-Noriega, M.; Alvarez-Romero, J. G.; Anderson, K. D.; Baird, A. H.; Babcock, R. C.; Beger, M.; Bellwood, D. R.; Berkelmans, R.; Bridge, T. C.; Butler, I. R.; et al. (Nature, 2017)
During 2015-2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs.
Hughes, Terry P Kerry, James T Alvarez-Noriega, Mariana Alvarez-Romero, Jorge G Anderson, Kristen D Baird, Andrew H Babcock, Russell C Beger, Maria Bellwood, David R Berkelmans, Ray Bridge, Tom C Butler, Ian R Byrne, Maria Cantin, Neal E Comeau, Steeve Connolly, Sean R Cumming, Graeme S Dalton, Steven J Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo Eakin, C Mark Figueira, Will F Gilmour, James P Harrison, Hugo B Heron, Scott F Hoey, Andrew S Hobbs, Jean-Paul A Hoogenboom, Mia O Kennedy, Emma V Kuo, Chao-Yang Lough, Janice M Lowe, Ryan J Liu, Gang McCulloch, Malcolm T Malcolm, Hamish A McWilliam, Michael J Pandolfi, John M Pears, Rachel J Pratchett, Morgan S Schoepf, Verena Simpson, Tristan Skirving, William J Sommer, Brigitte Torda, Gergely Wachenfeld, David R Willis, Bette L Wilson, Shaun K eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2017/03/17 06:00 Nature. 2017 Mar 15;543(7645):373-377. doi: 10.1038/nature21707.
Keywords: Animals Anthozoa/*metabolism Australia Chlorophyll/metabolism Conservation of Natural Resources/trends *Coral Reefs Global Warming/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data Seawater/analysis Temperature

Taxon-specific Response of Marine Nitrogen Fixers To Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations - Hutchins, David A.; Fu, Fei-Xue; Webb, Eric A.; Walworth, Nathan; Tagliabue, Alessandro (Nature Geoscience, 2013)

Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. contribution of working group I To the fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change - IPCC (Cambridge University Press, 2013)

Increased Belowground Biomass and Soil CO2 Fluxes After a Decade of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment in a Warm-temperate Forest - Jackson, Robert B.; Cook, Charles W.; Pippen, Jeffrey S.; Palmer, Sheila M. (Ecology, 2009)

Dramatic Variability of the Carbonate System At a Temperate Coastal Ocean Site (Beaufort, North Carolina, USA) Is Regulated By Physical and Biogeochemical Processes On Multiple Timescales - Johnson, Z. I.; Wheeler, B. J.; Blinebry, S. K.; Carlson, C. M.; Ward, C. S.; Hunt, D. E. (PLoS One, 2013)
Keywords: *Carbonates *Ecosystem Environment North Carolina Oceans and Seas

The CO2/O2 Specificity of Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/oxygenase - Jordan, Douglas B.; Ogren, William L. (Planta, 1984)

Fishing Catch Shares in the Face of Global Change: a Framework For Integrating Cumulative Impacts and Single Species Management - Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.; Burden, Merrick; Fulton, Elizabeth A. (Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2010)

The Suess Effect: 13Carbon-14Carbon Interrelations - Keeling, Charles D. (Environment International, 1979)

Increase in Forest Water-use Efficiency As Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Rise - Keenan, T. F.; Hollinger, D. Y.; Bohrer, G.; Dragoni, D.; Munger, J. W.; Schmid, H. P.; Richardson, A. D. (Nature, 2013)
Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry Carbon Dioxide/*analysis *Ecosystem Plant Leaves/chemistry Trees/*chemistry Water/*analysis

Mitigating Local Causes of Ocean Acidification With Existing Laws - Kelly, R. P.; Foley, M. M.; Fisher, W. S.; Feely, R. A.; Halpern, B. S.; Waldbusser, G. G.; Caldwell, M. R. (Science, 2011)
Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence Ecosystem Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Oceans and Seas Seawater/*chemistry United States Water Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence

Increasing Water-use Efficiency and Age-specific Growth Responses of Old-growth Ponderosa Pine Trees in the northern Rockies - Knapp, Paul A.; Soulé, Peter T. (Global Change Biology, 2011)

Paradigm Shift in Plant Growth Control - Körner, C. (Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2015)
Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism Cold Temperature Droughts Environment Photosynthesis *Plant Development Plant Leaves/growth & development/metabolism Plant Physiological Phenomena Plants/*metabolism Stress, Physiological

Carbon Flux and Growth in Mature Deciduous Forest Trees Exposed To Elevated CO2 - Körner, C.; Asshoff, R.; Bignucolo, O.; Hättenschwiler, S.; Keel, S. G.; Peláez-Riedl, S.; Pepin, S.; Siegwolf, R. T.; Zotz, G. (Science, 2005)
Keywords: Atmosphere Betulaceae/growth & development/metabolism Biomass Carbon/analysis/*metabolism *Carbon Dioxide/analysis Carbon Isotopes Ecosystem Fagus/growth & development/metabolism Lignin/analysis Nitrogen/analysis Photosynthesis Plant Leaves/metabolism Plant Shoots/growth & development Plant Stems/growth & development Quercus/growth & development/metabolism Soil/analysis Switzerland Trees/*growth & development/metabolism

CO2 Fertilization and Enhanced Drought Resistance in Greek Firs From Cephalonia Island, Greece - Koutavas, A. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Keywords: *Abies Carbon Dioxide/*analysis Climate *Droughts *Fertilizers Greece

Impacts of Ocean Acidification On Marine Organisms: Quantifying Sensitivities and Interaction With Warming - Kroeker, K. J.; Kordas, R. L.; Crim, R.; Hendriks, I. E.; Ramajo, L.; Singh, G. S.; Duarte, C. M.; Gattuso, J. P. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Keywords: Acids/*chemistry *Global Warming Hydrogen-Ion Concentration *Marine Biology Oceans and Seas

Divergent Ecosystem Responses Within a Benthic Marine Community To Ocean Acidification - Kroeker, K. J.; Micheli, F.; Gambi, M. C.; Martz, T. R. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2011)
Keywords: Animals Aquatic Organisms/*classification Biodiversity Biomass Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Ecosystem Environment Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Oceans and Seas

Chemical Weathering, Atmospheric CO2, and Climate - Kump, Lee R.; Brantley, Susan L.; Arthur, Michael A. (Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2000)

Rising CO2 Levels and the Fecundity of Forest Trees - LaDeau, S. L.; Clark, J. S. (Science, 2001)
Keywords: Atmosphere *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism/pharmacology *Ecosystem Greenhouse Effect Gymnosperms/growth & development/*physiology North Carolina Photosynthesis Probability Reproduction Seeds/metabolism Species Specificity Trees/growth & development/*physiology

Elevated CO2 and Tree Fecundity: the Role of Tree Size, Interannual Variability, and Population Heterogeneity - LaDeau, Shannon L.; Clark, James S. (Global Change Biology, 2006)

Drivers of Increased Soil Respiration in a Poplar Coppice Exposed To Elevated CO2 - Lagomarsino, Alessandra; Lukac, Martin; Godbold, Douglas L.; Marinari, Sara; De Angelis, Paolo (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Offsetting Global CO2 Emissions By Restoration of Degraded Soils and Intensification of World Agriculture and Forestry - Lal, R. (Land Degradation and Development, 2003)

Global Carbon Budget 2016 - Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Canadell, Josep G.; Sitch, Stephen; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Peters, Glen P.; Manning, Andrew C.; Boden, Thomas A.; Tans, Pieter P.; Houghton, Richard A.; Keeling, Ralph F.; Alin, Simone; et al. (Earth System Science Data, 2016)

Global Carbon Budget 2015 - Le Quéré, C.; Moriarty, R.; Andrew, R. M.; Canadell, J. G.; Sitch, S.; Korsbakken, J. I.; Friedlingstein, P.; Peters, G. P.; Andres, R. J.; Boden, T. A.; Houghton, R. A.; House, J. I.; et al. (Earth System Science Data, 2015)

Elevated CO2 Effects On Plant Carbon, Nitrogen, and Water Relations: Six Important Lessons From FACE - Leakey, A. D.; Ainsworth, E. A.; Bernacchi, C. J.; Rogers, A.; Long, S. P.; Ort, D. R. (Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009)
Keywords: Air/*analysis Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism Ecosystem Nitrogen/*metabolism Photosynthesis Plant Development Plants/*metabolism Temperature Water/*metabolism

Beyond Global Change: Lessons From 25 Years of CO2 Research - Leuzinger, S.; Hattenschwiler, S. (Oecologia, 2013)
Keywords: Biomass *Carbon Dioxide Ecology/trends *Ecosystem *Models, Theoretical Research/trends

Do Global Change Experiments Overestimate Impacts On Terrestrial Ecosystems? - Leuzinger, Sebastian; Luo, Yiqi; Beier, Claus; Dieleman, Wouter; Vicca, Sara; Körner, Christian (Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2011)

Assessing the costs of sea-level rise and extreme flooding at the local level: A GIS-based approach - Lichter, Michal; Felsenstein, Daniel (Ocean and Coastal Management, 2012)

Modification of the Response of Photosynthetic Productivity To Rising Temperature By Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations: Has Its Importance Been Underestimated? - Long, S. P. (Plant, Cell and Environment, 1991)
Keywords: climate change: greenhouse effect C3 photosynthesis mathematical models ecosystem processes global warming rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations quantum yield plant canopies primary production Rubisco

Effects of Ocean Acidification On the Embryos and Larvae of Red King Crab, Paralithodes Camtschaticus - Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, K. M.; Foy, R. J. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013)
Keywords: Animals Anomura Carbon Dioxide/*toxicity Embryo, Nonmammalian/*drug effects Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Larva/drug effects Seawater/*chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity

Effects of Ocean Acidification On Juvenile Red King Crab (Paralithodes Camtschaticus) and Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes Bairdi) Growth, Condition, Calcification, and Survival - Long, W. C.; Swiney, K. M.; Harris, C.; Page, H. N.; Foy, R. J. (PLoS One, 2013)
Keywords: Animals Anomura/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology Brachyura/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology *Calcification, Physiologic Female Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Male Oceans and Seas Seasons Seawater/*chemistry Survival Rate Temperature

Coordinated Approaches To Quantify Long-term Ecosystem Dynamics in Response To Global Change - Luo, Yiqi; Melillo, Jerry; Niu, Shuli; Beier, Claus; Clark, James S.; Classen, AimÉE T.; Davidson, Eric; Dukes, Jeffrey S.; Evans, R. Dave; Field, Christopher B.; Czimczik, Claudia I.; Keller, Michael; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2011)

Response of Photosynthesis to Ocean Acidification - Mackey, Katherine; Morris, J. Jeffrey; Morel, François; Kranz, Sven (Oceanography, 2015)

Methane Dynamics Regulated By Microbial Community Response To Permafrost Thaw - McCalley, C. K.; Woodcroft, B. J.; Hodgkins, S. B.; Wehr, R. A.; Kim, E. H.; Mondav, R.; Crill, P. M.; Chanton, J. P.; Rich, V. I.; Tyson, G. W.; Saleska, S. R. (Nature, 2014)
Keywords: Anaerobiosis Arctic Regions Atmosphere/*chemistry Carbon Dioxide/metabolism *Ecosystem *Freezing Methane/analysis/*metabolism *Soil Microbiology Sweden

Re-assessment of Plant Carbon Dynamics at the Duke Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Site: Interactions of Atmospheric [CO2] With Nitrogen and Water Availability Over Stand Development - McCarthy, H. R.; Oren, R.; Johnsen, K. H.; Gallet-Budynek, A.; Pritchard, S. G.; Cook, C. W.; Ladeau, S. L.; Jackson, R. B.; Finzi, A. C. (New Phytologist, 2010)
Keywords: *Biomass Carbon/*physiology Carbon Dioxide/*physiology Nitrogen/*physiology Photosynthesis/*physiology Plant Transpiration Rain Trees/growth & development/*physiology Water/*physiology

Competitive Status Influences Tree-growth Responses To Elevated CO2 and O3 in Aggrading Aspen Stands - McDonald, E. P.; Kruger, E. L.; Riemenschneider, D. E.; Isebrands, J. G. (Functional Ecology, 2002)

A Blueprint For Blue Carbon: Toward an Improved Understanding of the Role of Vegetated Coastal Habitats in Sequestering CO2 - McLeod, Elizabeth; Chmura, Gail L.; Bouillon, Steven; Salm, Rodney; Björk, Mats; Duarte, Carlos M.; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Schlesinger, William H.; Silliman, Brian R. (Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2011)

Climate Change Impacts in the United States: the Third National Climate Assessment - Melillo, J. M.; T.C. Richmond; G.W. Yohe, Eds. (U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2014)

Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of Coccolithophores To Ocean Acidification: a Meta-analysis - Meyer, J.; Riebesell, U. (Biogeosciences, 2015)

Effect of Ocean Acidification on the Speciation of Metals in Seawater - Millero, Frank; Woosley, Ryan; DiTrolio, Benjamin; Waters, Jason (Oceanography, 2009)

The Ecophysiology and Global Biology of C4 Photosynthesis - Monson, R. K.; Collatz, G. J. (Terrestrial Photosynthesis in a Changing Environment a Molecular, Physiological and Ecological Approach, 2011)

Annual Basal Area Increment and Growth Duration of Pinus Taeda in Response To Eight Years of Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment - Moore, David J. P.; Aref, Susanne; Ho, Ringo M.; Pippen, Jeffrey S.; Hamilton, Jason G.; De Lucia, Evan H. (Global Change Biology, 2006)

Season-long Elevation of Ozone Concentration To Projected 2050 Levels Under Fully Open-air Conditions Substantially Decreases the Growth and Production of Soybean - Morgan, P. B.; Mies, T. A.; Bollero, G. A.; Nelson, R. L.; Long, S. P. (New Phytologist, 2006)
Keywords: Air Pollution Biomass Crops, Agricultural/drug effects/economics/*growth & development Forecasting Ozone/*pharmacology Plant Shoots/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism *Seasons Seeds/drug effects/growth & development Soybeans/drug effects/*growth & development/metabolism Weather

Improving Water Use in Crop Production - Morison, J. I.; Baker, N. R.; Mullineaux, P. M.; Davies, W. J. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2008)
Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological Agriculture/*methods Carbon/metabolism Conservation of Natural Resources Crops, Agricultural/metabolism/*physiology Plant Physiological Phenomena Plants/*metabolism Plants, Genetically Modified Water/*metabolism Water Supply

Dynamics of Carbonate Chemistry, Production, and Calcification of the Florida Reef Tract (2009-2010): Evidence For Seasonal Dissolution - Muehllehner, Nancy; Langdon, Chris; Venti, Alyson; Kadko, David (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2016)

Food Security: Fertilizing Hidden Hunger - Müller, Christoph; Elliott, Joshua; Levermann, Anders (Nature Climate Change, 2014)

Behavioural Impairment in Reef Fishes Caused By Ocean Acidification At CO2 Seeps - Munday, Philip L.; Cheal, Alistair J.; Dixson, Danielle L.; Rummer, Jodie L.; Fabricius, Katharina E. (Nature Climate Change, 2014)

Ocean acidification impairs olfactory discrimination and homing ability of a marine fish - Munday, P. L.; Dixson, D. L.; Donelson, J. M.; Jones, G. P.; Pratchett, M. S.; Devitsina, G. V.; Doving, K. B. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2009)
The persistence of most coastal marine species depends on larvae finding suitable adult habitat at the end of an offshore dispersive stage that can last weeks or months. We tested the effects that ocean acidification from elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) could have on the ability of larvae to detect olfactory cues from adult habitats. Larval clownfish reared in control seawater (pH 8.15) discriminated between a range of cues that could help them locate reef habitat and suitable settlement sites. This discriminatory ability was disrupted when larvae were reared in conditions simulating CO(2)-induced ocean acidification. Larvae became strongly attracted to olfactory stimuli they normally avoided when reared at levels of ocean pH that could occur ca. 2100 (pH 7.8) and they no longer responded to any olfactory cues when reared at pH levels (pH 7.6) that might be attained later next century on a business-as-usual carbon-dioxide emissions trajectory. If acidification continues unabated, the impairment of sensory ability will reduce population sustainability of many marine species, with potentially profound consequences for marine diversity.
Munday, Philip L Dixson, Danielle L Donelson, Jennifer M Jones, Geoffrey P Pratchett, Morgan S Devitsina, Galina V Doving, Kjell B eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2009/02/04 09:00 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 10;106(6):1848-52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0809996106. Epub 2009 Feb 2.
Keywords: Air Pollutants/adverse effects *Animal Migration Animals Behavior, Animal *Carbon Dioxide/adverse effects Extinction, Biological Fishes Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Larva/physiology Oceans and Seas *Olfactory Perception Population Density Water Pollutants/adverse effects

Increasing CO2 Threatens Human Nutrition - Myers, S. S.; Zanobetti, A.; Kloog, I.; Huybers, P.; Leakey, A. D.; Bloom, A. J.; Carlisle, E.; Dietterich, L. H.; Fitzgerald, G.; Hasegawa, T.; Holbrook, N. M.; Nelson, R. L.; et al. (Nature, 2014)
Keywords: Air/analysis Atmosphere/chemistry Australia Breeding Carbon Dioxide/analysis/*pharmacology Crops, Agricultural/*chemistry/*drug effects/metabolism Diet Edible Grain/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism Fabaceae/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism Global Health/trends Humans Iron/analysis/deficiency/metabolism Japan *Nutritional Status Nutritive Value/*drug effects Photosynthesis/drug effects Phytic Acid/analysis/metabolism Public Health/*trends United States Zinc/analysis/deficiency/metabolism

Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing - Myhre, G.; D. Shindell; F.‐M. Bréon; W. Collins; J. Fuglestvedt; J. Huang; D. Koch; J.‐F. Lamarque; D. Lee; B. Mendoza; T. Nakajima; A. Robock; et al. (Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013)

Climate Change Effects On Agriculture: Economic Responses To Biophysical Shocks - Nelson, G. C.; Valin, H.; Sands, R. D.; Havlik, P.; Ahammad, H.; Deryng, D.; Elliott, J.; Fujimori, S.; Hasegawa, T.; Heyhoe, E.; Kyle, P.; Von Lampe, M.; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2014)
Keywords: Agriculture/*economics Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Climate Change Commerce/statistics & numerical data Computer Simulation Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development Forecasting Humans *Models, Economic agricultural productivity climate change adaptation integrated assessment model intercomparison

Future Coastal Population Growth and Exposure To Sea-level Rise and Coastal Flooding--a Global Assessment - Neumann, B.; Vafeidis, A. T.; Zimmermann, J.; Nicholls, R. J. (PLoS One, 2015)
Keywords: Climate Change Disasters/*prevention & control *Floods Human Migration Humans *Population Growth Risk Assessment Urbanization

Forest Response To Elevated CO2 Is Conserved Across a Broad Range of Productivity - Norby, R. J.; Delucia, E. H.; Gielen, B.; Calfapietra, C.; Giardina, C. P.; King, J. S.; Ledford, J.; McCarthy, H. R.; Moore, D. J.; Ceulemans, R.; De Angelis, P.; Finzi, A. C.; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2005)
Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry Carbon Dioxide/*analysis *Climate Italy Light *Models, Theoretical Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/physiology Regression Analysis Time Factors Trees/*growth & development/*metabolism United States

CO2 Enhancement of Forest Productivity Constrained By Limited Nitrogen Availability - Norby, R. J.; Warren, J. M.; Iversen, C. M.; Medlyn, B. E.; McMurtrie, R. E. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2010)
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/*pharmacology *Ecosystem Fertilization Nitrogen/*pharmacology Tennessee Trees/*growth & development/metabolism

Ecological Lessons From Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Experiments - Norby, Richard J.; Zak, Donald R. (Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2011)

Effects of human land-use on the global carbon cycle during the last 6,000 years - Olofsson, Jörgen; Hickler, Thomas (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2007)

Anthropogenic Ocean Acidification Over the Twenty-first Century and Its Impact On Calcifying Organisms - Orr, J. C.; Fabry, V. J.; Aumont, O.; Bopp, L.; Doney, S. C.; Feely, R. A.; Gnanadesikan, A.; Gruber, N.; Ishida, A.; Joos, F.; Key, R. M.; Lindsay, K.; et al. (Nature, 2005)
Keywords: Acids/analysis Animals Anthozoa/metabolism Atmosphere/chemistry *Calcification, Physiologic Calcium Carbonate/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism Carbon/metabolism Carbon Dioxide/metabolism Climate *Ecosystem Food Chain Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Oceans and Seas Plankton/chemistry/metabolism Seawater/*chemistry Thermodynamics Time Factors Uncertainty

Evolution of C4 Plants: a New Hypothesis For an Interaction of CO2 and Water Relations Mediated By Plant Hydraulics - Osborne, C. P.; Sack, L. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012)
Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry *Biological Evolution Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry Computer Simulation Droughts Photosynthesis Plant Cells/chemistry/enzymology Plant Leaves/chemistry/enzymology/physiology Plant Stomata/chemistry/enzymology/physiology *Plant Transpiration Poaceae/chemistry/enzymology/physiology Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/chemistry Seasons Soil/chemistry Species Specificity Temperature Water/chemistry

Marked Decline in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations During the Paleogene - Pagani, M.; Zachos, J. C.; Freeman, K. H.; Tipple, B.; Bohaty, S. (Science, 2005)
Keywords: *Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism Carbon Isotopes/analysis *Climate Ecosystem Eukaryota/cytology/growth & development/metabolism Ice *Photosynthesis Phytoplankton/cytology/growth & development/metabolism Plant Development Plants/metabolism Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism Time

Paleo-perspectives On Ocean Acidification - Pelejero, C.; Calvo, E.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2010)
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Human Activities Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Oceans and Seas Seawater/*chemistry

Increased Water-use Efficiency During the 20th Century Did Not Translate Into Enhanced Tree Growth - Peñuelas, Josep; Canadell, Josep G.; Ogaya, Romà (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2011)

Evolutionary Change During Experimental Ocean Acidification - Pespeni, M. H.; Sanford, E.; Gaylord, B.; Hill, T. M.; Hosfelt, J. D.; Jaris, H. K.; LaVigne, M.; Lenz, E. A.; Russell, A. D.; Young, M. K.; Palumbi, S. R. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2013)
Keywords: Adaptation, Biological/*genetics Animals Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Climate Change *Evolution, Molecular *Genetic Variation Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Larva/growth & development/metabolism Metagenomics Seawater/*chemistry Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/*genetics/growth & development

Climate and Atmospheric History of the Last 420,000 Years From the Vostok Ice Core, Antarctica - Petit, J. R.; Jouzel, J.; Raynaud, D.; Barkov, N. I.; Barnola, J. M.; Basile, I.; Bender, M.; Chappellaz, J.; Davis, M.; Delaygue, G.; Delmotte, M.; Kotlyakov, V. M.; et al. (Nature, 1999)

The Potential for CO2-Induced Acidification in Freshwater: A Great Lakes Case Study - Phillips, Jennifer; McKinley, Galen; Bennington, Val; Bootsma, Harvey; Pilcher, Darren; Sterner, Robert; Urban, Noel (Oceanography, 2015)

Ocean Systems - Pörtner, H. O.; Karl, D.; Boyd, P. W.; Cheung, W.; Lluch-Cota, S. E.; Nojiri, Y.; Schmidt, D. N.; Zavialov, P. (Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change, 2014)

Effects of long-term exposure to ocean acidification conditions on future southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) fisheries management - Punt, André E.; Foy, Robert J.; Dalton, Michael G.; Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M. (ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 2016)

Nutrient-enhanced Productivity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Past, Present and Future - Rabalais, Nancy N.; Turner, R. Eugene; Dortch, Quay; Justic, Dubravko; Bierman Jr, Victor J.; Wiseman Jr, William J. (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

Dryland Agriculture: Long Neglected but of Worldwide Importance - Rao, Srinivas C.; Ryan, John; Stewart, Bobby A.; Koohafkan, Parviz (Challenges and Strategies of Dryland Agriculture, 2004)

Algal Evolution in Relation To Atmospheric CO2 : Carboxylases, Carbon-concentrating Mechanisms and Carbon Oxidation Cycles - Raven, J. A.; Giordano, M.; Beardall, J.; Maberly, S. C. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012)
Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry Autotrophic Processes *Biological Evolution Carbon/*chemistry Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry Cyanobacteria/chemistry/*enzymology Diffusion Enzyme Activation Glycolates/chemistry Nitrogen/chemistry Oxidation-Reduction Oxygenases/chemistry Photosynthesis Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry

Lessons Learned From Ocean Acidification Research - Riebesell, Ulf; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (Nature Climate Change, 2015)

Enhanced Biological Carbon Consumption in a High CO2 Ocean - Riebesell, U.; Schulz, K. G.; Bellerby, R. G.; Botros, M.; Fritsche, P.; Meyerhofer, M.; Neill, C.; Nondal, G.; Oschlies, A.; Wohlers, J.; Zollner, E. (Nature, 2007)
Keywords: Carbon/*analysis/*metabolism Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism Chlorophyll/metabolism Diatoms/metabolism Ecosystem Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Marine Biology Nitrates/metabolism Nitrogen/metabolism Norway Oceans and Seas Partial Pressure Phytoplankton/metabolism Seawater/*chemistry

Effects of Ocean Acidification On Pelagic Organisms and Ecosystems - Riebesell, U.; Tortell, P. D. (Ocean acidification, 2011)

Comparing Climate Sensitivity, Past and Present - Rohling, E. J.; Marino, G.; Foster, G. L.; Goodwin, P. A.; von der Heydt, A. S.; Kohler, P. (Annual Review of Marine Science, 2018)
Climate sensitivity represents the global mean temperature change caused by changes in the radiative balance of climate; it is studied for both present/future (actuo) and past (paleo) climate variations, with the former based on instrumental records and/or various types of model simulations. Paleo-estimates are often considered informative for assessments of actuo-climate change caused by anthropogenic greenhouse forcing, but this utility remains debated because of concerns about the impacts of uncertainties, assumptions, and incomplete knowledge about controlling mechanisms in the dynamic climate system, with its multiple interacting feedbacks and their potential dependence on the climate background state. This is exacerbated by the need to assess actuo- and paleoclimate sensitivity over different timescales, with different drivers, and with different (data and/or model) limitations. Here, we visualize these impacts with idealized representations that graphically illustrate the nature of time-dependent actuo- and paleoclimate sensitivity estimates, evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, agreements, and differences of the two approaches. We also highlight priorities for future research to improve the use of paleo-estimates in evaluations of current climate change.
Rohling, Eelco J Marino, Gianluca Foster, Gavin L Goodwin, Philip A von der Heydt, Anna S Kohler, Peter eng 2017/09/25 06:00 Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2018 Jan 3;10:261-288. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063242. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
Keywords: climate sensitivity feedbacks idealized scenarios paleoclimate present climate

CO2-forced Climate Thresholds During the Phanerozoic - Royer, Dana L. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006)

Effect of increasing CO2 on the terrestrial carbon cycle - Schimel, David; Stephens, Britton B.; Fisher, Joshua B. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2015)
Feedbacks from terrestrial ecosystems to atmospheric CO2 concentrations contribute the second-largest uncertainty to projections of future climate. These feedbacks, acting over huge regions and long periods of time, are extraordinarily difficult to observe and quantify directly. We evaluated in situ, atmospheric, and simulation estimates of the effect of CO2 on carbon storage, subject to mass balance constraints. Multiple lines of evidence suggest significant tropical uptake for CO2, approximately balancing net deforestation and confirming a substantial negative global feedback to atmospheric CO2 and climate. This reconciles two approaches that have previously produced contradictory results. We provide a consistent explanation of the impacts of CO2 on terrestrial carbon across the 12 orders of magnitude between plant stomata and the global carbon cycle.Feedbacks from the terrestrial carbon cycle significantly affect future climate change. The CO2 concentration dependence of global terrestrial carbon storage is one of the largest and most uncertain feedbacks. Theory predicts the CO2 effect should have a tropical maximum, but a large terrestrial sink has been contradicted by analyses of atmospheric CO2 that do not show large tropical uptake. Our results, however, show significant tropical uptake and, combining tropical and extratropical fluxes, suggest that up to 60% of the present-day terrestrial sink is caused by increasing atmospheric CO2. This conclusion is consistent with a validated subset of atmospheric analyses, but uncertainty remains. Improved model diagnostics and new space-based observations can reduce the uncertainty of tropical and temperate zone carbon flux estimates. This analysis supports a significant feedback to future atmospheric CO2 concentrations from carbon uptake in terrestrial ecosystems caused by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This feedback will have substantial tropical contributions, but the magnitude of future carbon uptake by tropical forests also depends on how they respond to climate change and requires their protection from deforestation.

NEON Science Strategy: Enabling Continental-scale Ecological Forecasting - Schimel, D.; Keller, M.; Berukoff, S.; Kao, R.; Loescher, H. W.; Powell, H.; Kampe, T.; Moore, D.; Gram, W. (National Ecological Observatory Network, 2011)

Prediction, Precaution, and Policy Under Global Change - Schindler, D. E.; Hilborn, R. (Science, 2015)
Keywords: Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data *Conservation of Natural Resources *Environmental Monitoring *Environmental Policy

Limited Carbon Storage in Soil and Litter of Experimental Forest Plots Under Increased Atmospheric CO2 - Schlesinger, W. H.; Lichter, J. (Nature, 2001)
Keywords: *Atmosphere Carbon/*metabolism Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism Gymnosperms *Soil Trees/growth & development/*metabolism

Estimating the near-surface permafrost-carbon feedback on global warming - Schneider von Deimling, T.; Meinshausen, M.; Levermann, A.; Huber, V.; Frieler, K.; Lawrence, D. M.; Brovkin, V. (Biogeosciences, 2012)

The Effect of Permafrost Thaw On Old Carbon Release and Net Carbon Exchange From Tundra - Schuur, E. A.; Vogel, J. G.; Crummer, K. G.; Lee, H.; Sickman, J. O.; Osterkamp, T. E. (Nature, 2009)
Keywords: Alaska Atmosphere/chemistry Carbon/*analysis/metabolism Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism Carbon Radioisotopes *Cold Climate *Ecosystem Feedback *Freezing *Greenhouse Effect Phase Transition Soil/*analysis

Soil Respiration Is Stimulated By Elevated CO2 and Reduced By Summer Drought: Three Years of Measurements in a Multifactor Ecosystem Manipulation Experiment in a Temperate Heathland (CLIMAITE) - Selsted, Merete B.; Linden, Leon; Ibrom, Andreas; Michelsen, Anders; Larsen, Klaus S.; Pedersen, Jane K.; Mikkelsen, Teis N.; Pilegaard, Kim; Beier, Claus; Ambus, Per (Global Change Biology, 2012)

Global Warming Preceded By Increasing Carbon Dioxide Concentrations During the Last Deglaciation - Shakun, J. D.; Clark, P. U.; He, F.; Marcott, S. A.; Mix, A. C.; Liu, Z.; Otto-Bliesner, B.; Schmittner, A.; Bard, E. (Nature, 2012)
Keywords: Antarctic Regions Atmosphere/chemistry Carbon Dioxide/*analysis Fossils Geography Geologic Sediments/chemistry Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data Greenland History, Ancient *Ice Cover Models, Theoretical Monte Carlo Method Pollen Seawater/analysis *Temperature Uncertainty

Effect of ocean acidification on iron availability to marine phytoplankton - Shi, D.; Xu, Y.; Hopkinson, B. M.; Morel, F. M. (Science, 2010)
The acidification caused by the dissolution of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ocean changes the chemistry and hence the bioavailability of iron (Fe), a limiting nutrient in large oceanic regions. Here, we show that the bioavailability of dissolved Fe may decline because of ocean acidification. Acidification of media containing various Fe compounds decreases the Fe uptake rate of diatoms and coccolithophores to an extent predicted by the changes in Fe chemistry. A slower Fe uptake by a model diatom with decreasing pH is also seen in experiments with Atlantic surface water. The Fe requirement of model phytoplankton remains unchanged with increasing CO2. The ongoing acidification of seawater is likely to increase the Fe stress of phytoplankton populations in some areas of the ocean.
Shi, Dalin Xu, Yan Hopkinson, Brian M Morel, Francois M M eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2010/01/16 06:00 Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):676-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1183517. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
Keywords: Atlantic Ocean Atmosphere *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism Diatoms/*metabolism Edetic Acid/chemistry Ferric Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Iron/chemistry Iron Chelating Agents/chemistry Ligands Lysine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry Oceans and Seas Photosynthesis Phytoplankton/*metabolism Seawater/*chemistry Siderophores/chemistry

Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage Transport of Phosphorus in the Midwestern United States - Smith, D. R.; King, K. W.; Johnson, L.; Francesconi, W.; Richards, P.; Baker, D.; Sharpley, A. N. (Journal of Environmental Quality, 2015)

Projected 21st Century Decrease in Marine Productivity: a Multi-model Analysis - Steinacher, M.; Joos, F.; Frölicher, T. L.; Bopp, L.; Cadule, P.; Cocco, V.; Doney, S. C.; Gehlen, M.; Lindsay, K.; Moore, J. K.; Schneider, B.; Segschneider, J. (Biogeosciences, 2010)

Radiocarbon Concentration in Modern Wood - Suess, H. E. (Science, 1955)

Using Present-day Observations To Detect When Anthropogenic Change Forces Surface Ocean Carbonate Chemistry Outside Preindustrial Bounds - Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Cronin, Meghan F.; McPhaden, Michael J.; Morell, Julio M.; Newton, Jan A.; Noh, Jae-Hoon; Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig R.; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Send, Uwe; et al. (Biogeosciences, 2016)

Effects of Elevated CO2 On the Protein Concentration of Food Crops: a Meta-analysis - Taub, Daniel R.; Miller, Brian; Allen, Holly (Global Change Biology, 2008)

Crop and Pasture Response to Climate Change - Tubiello, F. N.; Soussana, J. F.; Howden, S. M. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2007)
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/adverse effects *Climate *Crops, Agricultural Forecasting *Greenhouse Effect Humans Population Growth

Reviewing the Impact of Increased Atmospheric CO2 On oceanic pH and the Marine Ecosystem - Turley, Carol; Blackford, Jerry; Widdicombe, Steve; Lowe, David; Nightingale, Philip; Rees, Andrew (Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, 2006)

Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I - USGCRP (U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 2017)

MR9: Analysis of land area and population in the low-elevation coastal zone (LECZ) - Vafeidis, A.; Neumann, B.; Zimmerman, J.; Nicholls, R.J (London, GB Foresight, Government Office for Science, 2011)

No growth stimulation of tropical trees by 150 years of CO2 fertilization but water-use efficiency increased - van der Sleen, Peter; Groenendijk, Peter; Vlam, Mart; Anten, Niels P. R.; Boom, Arnoud; Bongers, Frans; Pons, Thijs L.; Terburg, Gideon; Zuidema, Pieter A. (Nature Geoscience, 2014)

Increased Soil Emissions of Potent Greenhouse Gases Under Increased Atmospheric CO2 - van Groenigen, K. J.; Osenberg, C. W.; Hungate, B. A. (Nature, 2011)
Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism Ecosystem Gases/*analysis Global Warming/statistics & numerical data *Greenhouse Effect/statistics & numerical data Methane/*analysis Nitrous Oxide/*analysis Oryza/growth & development Soil/analysis/*chemistry Wetlands

Faster Decomposition Under Increased Atmospheric CO2 Limits Soil Carbon Storage - van Groenigen, K. J.; Qi, X.; Osenberg, C. W.; Luo, Y.; Hungate, B. A. (Science, 2014)
Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry *Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry Climate Change Soil/*chemistry

Temperature Dependence of Silicate Weathering in Nature: How Strong a Negative Feedback On Longterm Accumulation of Atmospheric CO2 and Global Greenhouse Warming? - Velbel, M. A. (Geology, 1993)

Coastal Ocean Acidification: the Other Eutrophication Problem - Wallace, Ryan B.; Baumann, Hannes; Grear, Jason S.; Aller, Robert C.; Gobler, Christopher J. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2014)

Greater Seed Production in Elevated CO2 Is Not Accompanied By Reduced Seed Quality in Pinus taeda L - Way, Danielle A.; Ladeau, Shannon L.; McCarthy, Heather R.; Clark, James S.; Oren, R. A. M.; Finzi, Adrien C.; Jackson, Robert B. (Global Change Biology, 2010)

Rising pCO2 in Freshwater Ecosystems Has the Potential to Negatively Affect Predator-Induced Defenses in Daphnia - Weiss, L. C.; Potter, L.; Steiger, A.; Kruppert, S.; Frost, U.; Tollrian, R. (Current Biology, 2018)
Anthropogenically released CO2 accumulates in the global carbon cycle and is anticipated to imbalance global carbon fluxes [1]. For example, increased atmospheric CO2 induces a net air-to-sea flux where the oceans take up large amounts of atmospheric CO2 (i.e., ocean acidification [2-5]). Research on ocean acidification is ongoing, and studies have demonstrated the consequences for ecosystems and organismal biology with major impacts on marine food webs, nutrient cycles, overall productivity, and biodiversity [6-9]. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the impact of anthropogenically caused CO2 on freshwater systems due to their more complex biogeochemistry. The current consensus, yet lacking data evidence, is that anthropogenic CO2 does indeed affect freshwater carbon hydrogeochemistry, causing increased pCO2 in freshwater bodies [10-13]. We analyzed long-term data from four freshwater reservoirs and observed a continuous pCO2 increase associated with a decrease in pH, indicating that not only the oceans but also inland waters are accumulating CO2. We tested the effect of pCO2-dependent freshwater acidification using the cosmopolite crustacean Daphnia. For general validity, control pCO2-levels were based on the present global pCO2 average. Treatments were selected with very high pCO2 levels, assuming a continuous non-linear increase of pCO2, reflecting worst-case-scenario future pCO2 levels. Such levels of elevated pCO2 reduced the ability of Daphnia to sense its predators and form adequate inducible defenses. We furthermore determined that pCO2 and not the resulting reduction in pH impairs predator perception. If pCO2 alters chemical communication between freshwater species, this perturbs intra- and interspecific information transfer, which may affect all trophic levels.
Weiss, Linda C Potter, Leonie Steiger, Annika Kruppert, Sebastian Frost, Uwe Tollrian, Ralph eng England 2018/01/18 06:00 Curr Biol. 2018 Jan 22;28(2):327-332.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.022. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Keywords: Chaoborus Daphnia longicephala Daphnia pulex Notonecta climate change freshwater acidification inducible defenses pCO(2) pH phenotypic plasticity

Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture in 2050 Under a Range of Plausible Socioeconomic and Emissions Scenarios - Wiebe, Keith; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Sands, Ronald; Tabeau, Andrzej; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Biewald, Anne; Bodirsky, Benjamin; Islam, Shahnila; Kavallari, Aikaterini; Mason-D’Croz, Daniel; Müller, Christoph; Popp, Alexander; et al. (Environmental Research Letters, 2015)

Coastal Systems and Low-lying Areas - Wong, P.P.; Losada, I.J.; Gattuso, J.-P.; Hinkel, J.; Khattabi, A.; McInnes, K.L.; Saito, Y.; Sallenger, A. (Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change, 2014)

Dynamic Patterns and Ecological Impacts of Declining ocean pH in a High-resolution Multi-year Dataset - Wootton, J. T.; Pfister, C. A.; Forester, J. D. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2008)
Keywords: Animals *Ecosystem Environment Eukaryota/chemistry Food Chain *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Markov Chains Oceans and Seas *Seawater Thoracica/chemistry Time Factors

Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Affected By Non-uniform Climate Warming - Xia, Jianyang; Chen, Jiquan; Piao, Shilong; Ciais, Philippe; Luo, Yiqi; Wan, Shiqiang (Nature Geoscience, 2014)

Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems - Yates, Kimberly K.; Zawada, David G.; Smiley, Nathan A.; Tiling-Range, Ginger (Biogeosciences, 2017)

CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes - Zeebe, R.E.; Wolf-Gladrow, D. (Elsevier Science, 2001)

Interactive Effects of Global Change Factors On Soil Respiration and Its Components: a Meta-analysis - Zhou, L.; Zhou, X.; Shao, J.; Nie, Y.; He, Y.; Jiang, L.; Wu, Z.; Hosseini Bai, S. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Keywords: drought elevated CO2 irrigation nitrogen addition soil respiration warming

Nonlinear, Interacting Responses To Climate Limit Grassland Production Under Global Change - Zhu, K.; Chiariello, N. R.; Tobeck, T.; Fukami, T.; Field, C. B. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2016)
Keywords: California grassland Jasper Ridge climate change ecosystem ecology global change experiment

Predicting Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO2 Concentrations - Mooney, H. A.; Drake, B. G.; Luxmoore, R. J.; Oechel, W. C.; Pitelka, L. F. (BioScience, 1991)

Model-data synthesis for the next generation of forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments - Norby, R. J.; De Kauwe, M. G.; Domingues, T. F.; Duursma, R. A.; Ellsworth, D. S.; Goll, D. S.; Lapola, D. M.; Luus, K. A.; MacKenzie, A. R.; Medlyn, B. E.; Pavlick, R.; Rammig, A.; et al. (New Phytologist, 2016)
The first generation of forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments has successfully provided deeper understanding about how forests respond to an increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Located in aggrading stands in the temperate zone, they have provided a strong foundation for testing critical assumptions in terrestrial biosphere models that are being used to project future interactions between forest productivity and the atmosphere, despite the limited inference space of these experiments with regards to the range of global ecosystems. Now, a new generation of FACE experiments in mature forests in different biomes and over a wide range of climate space and biodiversity will significantly expand the inference space. These new experiments are: EucFACE in a mature Eucalyptus stand on highly weathered soil in subtropical Australia; AmazonFACE in a highly diverse, primary rainforest in Brazil; BIFoR-FACE in a 150-yr-old deciduous woodland stand in central England; and SwedFACE proposed in a hemiboreal, Pinus sylvestris stand in Sweden. We now have a unique opportunity to initiate a model-data interaction as an integral part of experimental design and to address a set of cross-site science questions on topics including responses of mature forests; interactions with temperature, water stress, and phosphorus limitation; and the influence of biodiversity.
Norby, Richard J De Kauwe, Martin G Domingues, Tomas F Duursma, Remko A Ellsworth, David S Goll, Daniel S Lapola, David M Luus, Kristina A MacKenzie, A Rob Medlyn, Belinda E Pavlick, Ryan Rammig, Anja Smith, Benjamin Thomas, Rick Thonicke, Kirsten Walker, Anthony P Yang, Xiaojuan Zaehle, Sonke eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2015/08/08 06:00 New Phytol. 2016 Jan;209(1):17-28. doi: 10.1111/nph.13593. Epub 2015 Aug 6.
Keywords: Atmosphere Australia Biodiversity Brazil Carbon Dioxide/*pharmacology Climate Dehydration England Eucalyptus/drug effects/*physiology Forests *Models, Theoretical Phosphorus/deficiency Rainforest Soil Trees/drug effects/*physiology elevated CO2 forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) model-data synthesis nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P)

Ocean Acidification: a Critical Emerging Problem For the Ocean Sciences - Doney, Scott; Balch, William; Fabry, Victoria; Feely, Richard (Oceanography, 2009)

Progressive Nitrogen Limitation of Ecosystem Processes Under Elevated CO2 in a Warm-Temperate Forest - Finzi, Adrien C.; Moore, David J. P.; DeLucia, Evan H.; Lichter, John; Hofmockel, Kirsten S.; Jackson, Robert B.; Kim, Hyun-Seok; Matamala, Roser; McCarthy, Heather R.; Oren, Ram; Pippen, Jeffrey S.; Schlesinger, William H. (Ecology, 2006)

Roots and Fungi Accelerate Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Forests Exposed To Elevated CO2 - Phillips, R. P.; Meier, I. C.; Bernhardt, E. S.; Grandy, A. S.; Wickings, K.; Finzi, A. C. (Ecology Letters, 2012)
Keywords: *Carbon Cycle *Carbon Dioxide Fungi Nitrogen/*metabolism Pinus Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology *Soil Microbiology *Trees

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons From Animal Physiology and Earth History - Pörtner, Hans O.; Langenbuch, Martina; Reipschläger, Anke (Journal of Oceanography, 2004)

Observations: Ocean. In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. - Rhein, M.; S. R. Rintoul; S. Aoki; E. Campos; D. Chambers; R A. Feely; S. Gulev; G. C. Johnson; S. A. Josey; A. Kostianoy; C Mauritzen; D. Roemmich; et al. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA., 2013)

Large Divergence of Satellite and Earth System Model Estimates of Global Terrestrial CO2 Fertilization - Smith, W. Kolby; Reed, Sasha C.; Cleveland, Cory C.; Ballantyne, Ashley P.; Anderegg, William R. L.; Wieder, William R.; Liu, Yi Y.; Running, Steven W. (Nature Climate Change, 2016)

Life-cycle Assessment of Net Greenhouse-gas Flux For Bioenergy Cropping Systems - Adler, P. R.; Del Grosso, S. J.; Parton, W. J. (Ecological Applications, 2007)
Keywords: Agriculture/methods Air Pollutants/*analysis/metabolism Biomass Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism Crops, Agricultural/growth & development/*metabolism *Energy-Generating Resources Ethanol Greenhouse Effect Medicago sativa/growth & development/metabolism Panicum/growth & development/metabolism Phalaris/growth & development/metabolism Populus/growth & development/metabolism Soybeans/growth & development/metabolism Zea mays/growth & development/metabolism

Climate Change Impacts On US Agriculture and Forestry: Benefits of Global Climate Stabilization - Beach, Robert H.; Cai, Yongxia; Thomson, Allison; Zhang, Xuesong; Jones, Russell; McCarl, Bruce A.; Crimmins, Allison; Martinich, Jeremy; Cole, Jefferson; Ohrel, Sara; DeAngelo, Benjamin; McFarland, James; et al. (Environmental Research Letters, 2015)

Proposed Resource Management Plan/Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Resource Management Plans for Western Oregon - BLM (U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 2016)

Energy and Environment. Methane Leaks From North American Natural Gas Systems - Brandt, A. R.; Heath, G. A.; Kort, E. A.; O'Sullivan, F.; Petron, G.; Jordaan, S. M.; Tans, P.; Wilcox, J.; Gopstein, A. M.; Arent, D.; Wofsy, S.; Brown, N. J.; et al. (Science, 2014)
Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry Decision Making *Global Warming Methane/*analysis Natural Gas/*analysis *Policy Making United States

Professional Review of the Pre-Launch SMAP Mission Applications User Community - Brown, M.E.; Escobar, V.M. (IEEE Journal of Special Topics and Applied Remote Sensing, 2013)

Social network and content analysis of the North American Carbon Program as a scientific community of practice - Brown, Molly E.; Ihli, Monica; Hendrick, Oscar; Delgado-Arias, Sabrina; Escobar, Vanessa M.; Griffith, Peter (Social Networks, 2016)

Uncertainty in Projecting GHG Emissions From Bioenergy - Buchholz, Thomas; Prisley, Stephen; Marland, Gregg; Canham, Charles; Sampson, Neil (Nature Climate Change, 2014)

Can Fuel-reduction Treatments Really Increase Forest Carbon Storage in the Western U.S. By Reducing Future Fire Emissions? - Campbell, John L.; Harmon, Mark E.; Mitchell, Stephen R. (Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2012)

Compliance Offset Program - CARB (California Air Resources Board, 2018)

Scale and Cross-Scale Dynamics: Governance and Information in a Multilevel World - Cash, David W.; Adger, W. Neil; Berkes, Fikret; Garden, Po; Lebel, Louis; Olsson, Per; Pritchard, Lowell; Young, Oran (Ecology and Society, 2006)

The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): the North American Carbon Budget and Implications For the Global Carbon Cycle. a Report By the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee On Global Change Research - CCSP (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, USA, 242 pp., 2007)

Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods - Chapin, F. S.; Woodwell, G. M.; Randerson, J. T.; Rastetter, E. B.; Lovett, G. M.; Baldocchi, D. D.; Clark, D. A.; Harmon, M. E.; Schimel, D. S.; Valentini, R.; Wirth, C.; Aber, J. D.; et al. (Ecosystems, 2006)
Keywords: net ecosystem production net ecosystem carbon balance gross primary production ecosystem respiration autotrophic respiration heterotrophic respiration net ecosystem exchange net biome production net primary production terrestrial ecosystems atmospheric co2 organic-carbon primary productivity energy-flow salt-marsh metabolism forests climate photosynthesis

Model Evaluation and Hindcasting: an Experiment With an Integrated Assessment Model - Chaturvedi, V.; Kim, S.; Smith, S. J.; Clarke, L.; Zhou, Y. Y.; Kyle, P.; Patel, P. (Energy, 2013)
Keywords: integrated assessment modeling evaluation and hindcasting gcam (global change assessment model) building sector energy USA greenhouse-gas emissions long-term implications global climate-change energy exercise projections scenarios china asia us

CO2 Emissions From Biomass Combustion For Bioenergy: Atmospheric Decay and Contribution to Global Warming - Cherubini, F.; Peters, G. P.; Berntsen, T.; Stromman, A. H.; Hertwich, E. (Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2011)
Keywords: bioenergy carbon neutral co2 accounting global warming potential lca greenhouse-gas emissions life-cycle assessment carbon-dioxide climate-change terrestrial biosphere forest model sensitivity strategies scenarios

Boundary Work For Sustainable Development: Natural Resource Management At the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) - Clark, W. C.; Tomich, T. P.; van Noordwijk, M.; Guston, D.; Catacutan, D.; Dickson, N. M.; McNie, E. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2016)
Keywords: boundary organization extension innovation research policy

Soil Food Web Properties Explain Ecosystem Services Across European Land Use Systems - de Vries, F. T.; Thebault, E.; Liiri, M.; Birkhofer, K.; Tsiafouli, M. A.; Bjornlund, L.; Bracht Jorgensen, H.; Brady, M. V.; Christensen, S.; de Ruiter, P. C.; d'Hertefeldt, T.; Frouz, J.; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2013)
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/analysis *Conservation of Natural Resources *Ecosystem *Food Chain Methane/analysis Oxygen/analysis *Soil modeling nitrogen soil fauna soil microbes

Simulated Effects of Dryland Cropping Intensification On Soil Organic Matter and Greenhouse Gas Exchanges Using the DAYCENT Ecosystem Model - Del Grosso, S.; Ojima, D.; Parton, W.; Mosier, A.; Peterson, G.; Schimel, D. (Environmental Pollution, 2002)

Towards Science in Support of Decision Making: Characterizing the Supply of Carbon Cycle Science - Dilling, L. (Environmental Science and Policy, 2007)
Keywords: science policy usable science carbon management climate change policy change research-program policy history climate lessons management systems budget biota river

Creating usable science: Opportunities and constraints for climate knowledge use and their implications for science policy - Dilling, Lisa; Lemos, Maria Carmen (Global Environment Change, 2011)

Modeling Agriculture in the Community Land Model - Drewniak, B.; Song, J.; Prell, J.; Kotamarthi, V. R.; Jacob, R. (Geoscientific Model Development, 2013)

Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Agriculture and Forestry: Methods For Entity-Scale Inventory - Eve, M.; Pape, D.; Flugge, M.; Steele, R.; Man, D.; Riley-Gilbert, M.; Biggar, S. (USDA Office of the Chief Economist, Climate Change Program Office, 2014)

Life-Cycle Analysis of Algal Lipid Fuels With the GREET Model - Frank, E. D.; Han, J.; Palou-Rivera, I.; Elgowainy, A.; Wang, M. Q. (Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 2011)

Airborne Methane Remote Measurements Reveal Heavy-tail Flux Distribution in Four Corners Region - Frankenberg, C.; Thorpe, A. K.; Thompson, D. R.; Hulley, G.; Kort, E. A.; Vance, N.; Borchardt, J.; Krings, T.; Gerilowski, K.; Sweeney, C.; Conley, S.; Bue, B. D.; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2016)
Keywords: Four Corners heavy-tail methane remote sensing